H I column densities versus impact parameter at z ∼ 0. Gray curve: the GEAR galaxy h000 (log M_★ = 10.8 M_⊙ Roca-Fàbrega et al. 2021) taken at z = 0.33. Blue curve: median 2D radial profile of log N(H I) for an AURIGA galaxy at z = 0 − 0.3 with a stellar mass of log M_★ = 10.7 M_⊙ resimulated by van de Voort et al. (2019). Green curve: Cumulative covering fractions of H I from the TNG50 simulations of a galaxy with log M_★ = 11.8 M_⊙ (Nelson et al. 2020). The low-z observations taken from Christensen et al. (2014), Møller & Christensen (2020), Kulkarni et al. (2022), Weng et al. (2023), and Berg et al. (2023) are shown by blue diamonds.