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Table 3

Parameter ranges for spectral model grids.

Model Teff (K) log g (cm/s2) [M∕H] (dex) C/O γ log κzz (cm2/s) fsed # models Ref.
HELIOS 200-800 3.6-6.0 1.0 0.5 91 1
Sonora Bobcat 200-800 3.75-5.5 −0.5 to +0.5 0.5-1.5a 462 2
Sonora Elf Owl 275-800 3.0-5.5 −1.0 to+1.0 0.5-1.5 a 2.0 −9.0 8640 3
Lacy & Burrows 200-600 3.5-5.0 −0.5 to +0.5 2.0-6.0 1443 4
ATMO2020++ without PH3 250-800 3.5-5.5 −1.0 to+0.3 0.12 to+12.5 4.0-8.0 200 5

References. (1) Malik et al. (2019); (2) Marley et al. (2021); (3) Mukherjee et al. (2024); (4) Lacy & Burrows (2023); (5) Leggett & Tremblin (2025).

Notes. (a)The C/O ratio is relative to the solar abundance ratio by Lodders et al. (2009), with (C∕O) = 0.45 8.

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