Summary of injection and recovery test to test the robustness of the FCO method in the limit of eight NEID observations obtained in three different visits. a) Period ratio between a hypothetical planet c and b as a function of the semi-amplitude ratio of the planets. Blue dots represent runs where the RV amplitude of planet b was successfully recovered (within 3σ of the injected value), while the red dots indicate nonrecovered runs. b) Recovered RV semi-amplitudes K_fit as a function of injected RV semi-amplitudes for planet b (top). Similarly to panel a, blue dots represent recovered runs, whereas red dots indicate nonrecovered runs, and the yellow vertical line indicates our adopted RV semi-amplitude of TOI-2431 b from Table 2. The 1–1 line is indicated with the black dashed line. We see that the recovered values are in good agreement with the injected values.