Warped disk model for ¹²CO HD 34700A. Top panels: Residuals (right) from the observed (left) vs modeled (center) δυ_los fields for HD 34700A after fitting Keplerian velocity profiles. The color scale δυ_los in km/s is identical in all panels. Grey circles mask twice the central beam size. The beam size (0″.14 ≈ 50 au) is also shown on the left-hand side, assumed to be circular for visualization. Bottom panels: Radial profiles of δi, δPA, and the physical warp properties tilt β, twist γ, and the warp amplitude ψ from our fitting procedure (Eqs. (13-15) in Winter et al. 2025). Blue points and error bars in δi and δPA come from the least-squares fitting procedure. Faint orange lines show posterior distributions from a Gaussian process model.