Fig. 13
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Expected frequency ( f ) and characteristic strain (hc) of the GW signal produced by micro-TDEs involving an MS star (mMS = 0.5 M⊙, hatched bands) and a WD (mWD = 1.4 M⊙, solid coloured bands), shown at three reference distances:∼1 Mpc (red), ∼16 Mpc (blue), and z = 1 (grey). The two grey arrows in the lower-left corner indicate the directions of increasing BH mass (mBH) and penetration factor (β ≡ rt/rp). These predictions are overlaid with the sensitivity curves of current and future GW detectors: LGWA (purple; Harms et al. 2021), LISA (sky blue; Amaro-Seoane et al. 2017), DECIGO (green; Sato et al. 2017), Kamioka Gravitational Wave Detector (KAGRA, gold; Abbott et al. 2021), the Einstein Telescope (ET, orange; Maggiore et al. 2020), the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO, violet; Abbott et al. 2017), and the Cosmic Explorer (CE, brown; Ng et al. 2021).
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