Fig. 10.
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Range of 95% C.I upper limits on gaγ × gae as a function of ALP mass, ma, derived from the conservative scenario in which one star out of 18 is assumed to be in a later evolutionary stage (tcc = 2.3 × 104 yr), while the remaining 17 stars are fixed at an earlier He-burning phase (tcc = 1.55 × 105 yr) and a uniform BT = 0.4 μG. The strongest constraint is obtained when V809 Cassiopeia is assumed to be closer to core collapse (green) and the weakest when CE Tauri is (purple). The hatched region is the range of constraints obtained when every other star is individually placed in the more advanced He-burning phase. This method accounts for uncertainties in stellar evolution and provides a realistic range of possible limits.
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