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Fig. 12.

Fig. 12. Refer to the following caption and surrounding text.

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Median Vrot/σ profiles for FRs selected using our new threshold (κrot(all) > 0.5), projected along a random LOS. Top row: Galaxy samples that fall within mass ranges [1010.0, 1010.4] M, with galaxy samples presented at different inclinations: 30° −60° and 60° −90°, respectively, from left to right. The solid green lines, solid gray lines, dashed red lines, and dashed blue lines, along with their corresponding shaded regions in the figure, represent the data from TNG50, TNG100, ATLAS3D, and MaNGA, respectively. The datasets from the simulation and the observation showcase median profiles, with shaded regions indicating the 16th and 84th percentiles of the distribution. Vertical and horizontal dashed lines are included as visual aids for comparing simulations and observations. The profiles of the simulated ETG FRs closely resemble those observed. Middle and bottom rows: same as the top row, but with galaxy samples that fall within mass ranges [1010.4, 1010.8] M and [1010.8, 1011.5] M.

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