M_BH − M_★ relation at z = 0 (left) and 3 (right) as predicted by the no HIMF recalibrated model (Araya-Araya et al. 2025). The light blue areas and lines represent the 16th, 50th, and 84th percentiles of all galaxies in the simulated box. The black and red dashed lines indicate the M_BH − M_★ relations derived from observations by Reines & Volonteri (2015) and Greene et al. (2020), respectively. The predictions at z = 3 are compared to observational estimates from Decarli et al. (2010a, b) (black dots), Suh et al. (2020) (grey squares) and Poitevineau et al. (2023) (purple diamonds).