Competition of the gamma effect with meridional circulation. Top: Radial component of the gamma effect γ_r as a function of Ro_sh (legend) averaged over colatitude, θ. Bottom: Radial component of meridional circulation near the equator (colatitude of θ = 80°, see Fig. 8d). Solid lines indicate that the dipole is stable; dashed lines show that the dipole has collapsed. The data are from the runs with g ∝ 1/r², Ra = 5 × 10⁶, and ξ = 0.35 (gr2_2 in Table B.1). Subscripts ϕ and θ denote azimuthal and latitudinal average, respectively. The units are the same as in Figs. 3(c–e).