Comparison of the LOS bulk velocity – velocity dispersion space distribution between XRISM observations and the simulation with (ξ₀,  P₀) = (10,  2.5 Mpc) shown in the top panels of Fig. 10. Black dots mark measurements from a uniform grid within R = 400 kpc in the simulation. Observational data are the same as in Fig. 4, but only 1σ errors are shown. Our single-merger simulation reproduces the overall velocity pattern but fails to capture the high-velocity dispersions observed in certain outer regions of the cluster (see Sect. 5).