Velocity divergence θ for dark energy (blue), dark matter (red), and non-interacting baryons (black) for different values of the coupling parameter α. For the case analysed here, with α = 1, we can corroborate that the velocity of dark energy is much lower than those of baryons and dark matter, thereby justifying the approximation v_dm ≫ v_de and v_b ≫ v_de, i.e. neglecting dark energy velocities on the scales relevant to our simulations.