Velocity-space signatures of energy transfer for ion-acoustic instabilities

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Volume 707 (March 2026)

A&A, 707 (2026) A185

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Table 1.

Key parameters of the runs under consideration.

Run	$\frac{n_{b}}{n_{c}}$ $Mathematical equation: $ \frac{n_b}{n_c} $$	$\frac{T_{b}}{T_{c}}$ $Mathematical equation: $ \frac{T_b}{T_c} $$	$\frac{T_{e}}{T_{c}}$ $Mathematical equation: $ \frac{T_e}{T_c} $$	$\frac{V_{D, b}}{v_{t h, c}}$ $Mathematical equation: $ \frac{V_{D,b}}{v_{th,c}} $$	$\frac{V_{D, e}}{v_{t h, c}}$ $Mathematical equation: $ \frac{V_{D,e}}{v_{th,c}} $$
Fiducial	0.05	1.0	10.0	5.7	0.285
1a	0.2	1.0	9.0	5.7	0.95
1b	–	–	8.0	–	–
1c	–	–	7.0	–	–

2a	0.3	1.0	10.0	5.7	1.32
2b	0.15	–	–	–	0.74
2c	0.1	–	–	–	0.52

3a	0.2	1.0	10.0	5.7	0.95
3b	–	–	–	5.0	0.83
3c	–	–	–	4.5	0.75

Notes. n_b/n_c, T_b/T_c, and T_e/T_c denote the beam-to-core density ratio, beam-to-core temperature ratio, and electron-to-proton core temperature ratio, respectively, while V_D, b/v_th, c and V_D, e/v_th, c are the drift velocities of the proton beam and electrons normalized to the proton core thermal speed. In Series 1, 2, and 3, we reduce T_e/T_c, n_b/n_c, and V_D, b/v_th, c, respectively; unchanged parameters are indicated by “–”.

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