Ratio and difference in galaxy clustering between galaxies selected by M_r luminosity (dark red lines), M_u luminosity (dark blue lines), and star formation rate (SFR, magenta lines), and those selected by stellar mass in the MTNG simulation. Each galaxy sample has a number density of 0.0316 h³ Mpc⁻³. For comparison, dashed grey lines show the ratio and difference in clustering between V_peak-selected subhaloes in the MTNG-DMO_mod and MTNG-DMO simulations (ϕ/ϕ_mod, equivalent to the black solid line in the bottom panel of Fig. 7).