Chosen $Q_{\text{D}}^{*}$ models: Reference (blue), Zodi (red), and Fomalhaut (green). These are shown for two typical collisional velocities: 300 m s⁻¹ (left) and 30 m s⁻¹ (right). For comparison, the $Q_{\text{D}}^{*}$ fit from Pokorny et al. (2024) (pink) as well as the Sommer et al. (2025) constraint at 32 µm (black dot with the uncertainty bar) are plotted as well. Horizontal black lines mark an approximate disruption threshold, for the respective velocities. Note that the Pokorny et al. (2024) model only describes particles with sizes up to 1 cm.