Solar wind observations at comet 67P around perihelion - Initial transition to a fluid-like flow

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Volume 707 (March 2026)

A&A, 707 (2026) A386

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Table 1

Velocity components (km/s) for H⁺ and H₂O⁺ for three different regions.

Region	Close to nucleus						May–June						Dayside excursion

z_CSE		>0			<0			>0			<0			>0			<0
z_CSE	10		90	10		90	10		90	10		90	10		90	10		90
H⁺ \|v\|	120	250	350	59	240	490	42	140	350	66	100	240	21	48	94	21	38	93
H⁺ v_x	17	200	321	1.5	210	450	−51	86	230	−120	−63	130	−47	9.2	61	−56	1.4	48
H⁺ v_z	−120	9.9	140	−150	−11	93	−73	4.5	130	−62	9.1	52	−33	4.1	37	−43	−3.3	26
H₂O⁺ \|v\|	24	31	45	26	30	40	22	30	42	26	40	98	26	30	41	27	33	45
H₂O⁺ v_x	−36	−23	−4.4	−33	−25	−14	−31	−26	−12	−79	−27	−3.5	−37	−26	−18	−39	−27	−18
H₂O⁺ v_z	−16	2.3	22	−17	−0.5	17	−21	−8.0	8.9	−13	13	38	−13	0.3	16	−25	−3.8	12

Notes. Velocity (km/s) magnitude, in electric field direction in the y–z plane (v_Z) and in the sun direction (v_x), for three different regions divided into two hemispheres corresponding to the sign of z_CSE. Values are given for the 10th percentile, median (bold), and 90th percentile.

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