SMD, ρ_★, obtained from integrating the intrinsic galaxy SMF (from ℳ = 10⁸ M_⊙ to ℳ = 10¹³ M_⊙), shown for both the median posterior values (circle symbols and solid line) and the maximum a posteriori values (square symbols). Values are compared with measurements from the literature also derived from galaxy SMFs (Caputi et al. 2011; González et al. 2011; Santini et al. 2012; Ilbert et al. 2013; Muzzin et al. 2013; Tomczak et al. 2014; Grazian et al. 2015; Caputi et al. 2015; Wright et al. 2018; Bhatawdekar et al. 2019; Adams et al. 2021; McLeod et al. 2021; Thorne et al. 2021; Stefanon et al. 2021; Weaver et al. 2023a; Weibel et al. 2024; Shuntov et al. 2025) as well as integrations of the cosmic SFRD functions (Madau & Dickinson 2014; Behroozi et al. 2019). For the latter, a return fraction of 41% (based on the Chabrier 2003 IMF; see Sect. 6.1 of Ilbert et al. 2013) is assumed. For Madau & Dickinson (2014), a shaded area is shown corresponding to return fractions between 25–30% (where the latter value is similar to the Salpeter 1955 IMF).