Gaps and rings: a near-universal trait of extended protoplanetary discs

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Volume 708 (April 2026)

A&A, 708 (2026) A143

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Table 3

Best-fit ring and shoulder properties for discs with substructures.

Disc name	Substructure	Location		Width
		["]	[AU]	["]	[AU]
SSTc2d J162823.3-242241	Ring	${0.15}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.15_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${22.05}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${22.05_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${0.22}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.22_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${31.78}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${31.78_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$
MHO 2	Ring	${0.25}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.25_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${33.02}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.39}$ $Mathematical equation: ${33.02_{ - 0.13}^{ + 0.39}}$$	${0.08}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.08_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${10.35}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.13}$ $Mathematical equation: ${10.35_{ - 0.13}^{ + 0.13}}$$
2MASS J04154278+2909597	Ring	${0.24}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.24_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${38.42}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${38.42_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${0.15}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.15_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${23.99}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${23.99_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$
SSTc2d J163952.9-241931	Ring	${0.21}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.21_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${28.35}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${28.35_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${0.22}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.22_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${29.22}_{- 2.25}^{+ 2.25}$ $Mathematical equation: ${29.22_{ - 2.25}^{ + 2.25}}$$
SU Aur	Shoulder	${0.03}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.04}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.03_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.04}}$$	${4.71}_{- 3.14}^{+ 6.28}$ $Mathematical equation: ${4.71_{ - 3.14}^{ + 6.28}}$$	${0.30}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.30_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${47.05}_{- 5.23}^{+ 2.61}$ $Mathematical equation: ${47.05_{ - 5.23}^{ + 2.61}}$$
	Ring	${0.05}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.05_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${7.85}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${7.85_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${0.07}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.07_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${10.46}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${10.46_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$
HD 139614	Ring	${0.14}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.14_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${18.71}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${18.71_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${0.13}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.13_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${17.80}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${17.80_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$
	Shoulder	${0.31}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.31_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${41.42}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${41.42_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${0.12}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.12_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${16.03}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${16.03_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$
	Ring	${0.62}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.62_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${82.84}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${82.84_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${0.18}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.18_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${24.47}_{- 0.00}^{+ 2.22}$ $Mathematical equation: ${24.47_{ - 0.00}^{ + 2.22}}$$
SSTc2d J162718.4-243915	Ring	${0.23}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.23_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}}$$	${31.05}_{- 1.35}^{+ 1.35}$ $Mathematical equation: ${31.05_{ - 1.35}^{ + 1.35}}$$	${0.28}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.28_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${38.21}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${38.21_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$
2MASS J11160287-7624533	Ring	${0.38}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.38_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}}$$	${70.30}_{- 1.85}^{+ 1.85}$ $Mathematical equation: ${70.30_{ - 1.85}^{ + 1.85}}$$	${0.17}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.17_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${30.80}_{- 3.08}^{+ 3.08}$ $Mathematical equation: ${30.80_{ - 3.08}^{ + 3.08}}$$
2MASS J11104959-7717517	Ring	${0.13}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.13_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}}$$	${24.27}_{- 1.87}^{+ 1.87}$ $Mathematical equation: ${24.27_{ - 1.87}^{ + 1.87}}$$	${0.10}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.10_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${18.65}_{- 3.11}^{+ 3.11}$ $Mathematical equation: ${18.65_{ - 3.11}^{ + 3.11}}$$
	Shoulder	${0.19}_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.06}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.19_{ - 0.08}^{ + 0.06}}$$	${35.47}_{- 14.94}^{+ 11.20}$ $Mathematical equation: ${35.47_{ - 14.94}^{ + 11.20}}$$	${0.30}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.07}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.30_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.07}}$$	${55.95}_{- 9.33}^{+ 12.43}$ $Mathematical equation: ${55.95_{ - 9.33}^{ + 12.43}}$$
SSTc2d J162145.1-234232	Ring	${0.25}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.25_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${33.75}_{- 1.35}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${33.75_{ - 1.35}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${0.10}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.10_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${13.49}_{- 2.25}^{+ 2.25}$ $Mathematical equation: ${13.49_{ - 2.25}^{ + 2.25}}$$
	Shoulder	${0.45}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.45_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${60.75}_{- 2.70}^{+ 2.70}$ $Mathematical equation: ${60.75_{ - 2.70}^{ + 2.70}}$$	${0.53}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.53_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}}$$	${71.93}_{- 4.50}^{+ 4.50}$ $Mathematical equation: ${71.93_{ - 4.50}^{ + 4.50}}$$
2MASS J11094742-7726290	Ring	${0.21}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.21_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${40.20}_{- 1.91}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${40.20_{ - 1.91}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${0.12}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.12_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${22.31}_{- 3.19}^{+ 3.19}$ $Mathematical equation: ${22.31_{ - 3.19}^{ + 3.19}}$$
	Ring	${0.42}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.42_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}}$$	${80.40}_{- 1.91}^{+ 1.91}$ $Mathematical equation: ${80.40_{ - 1.91}^{ + 1.91}}$$	${0.27}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.27_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${51.00}_{- 3.19}^{+ 3.19}$ $Mathematical equation: ${51.00_{ - 3.19}^{ + 3.19}}$$
	Shoulder	${0.54}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.06}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.54_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.06}}$$	${103.37}_{- 9.57}^{+ 11.49}$ $Mathematical equation: ${103.37_{ - 9.57}^{ + 11.49}}$$	${0.57}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.07}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.57_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.07}}$$	${108.37}_{- 9.56}^{+ 12.75}$ $Mathematical equation: ${108.37_{ - 9.56}^{ + 12.75}}$$
RX J1556.1-3655	Ring	${0.12}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.12_{ - 0.01}^{ + 0.01}}$$	${18.95}_{- 1.58}^{+ 1.58}$ $Mathematical equation: ${18.95_{ - 1.58}^{ + 1.58}}$$	${0.07}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.03}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.07_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.03}}$$	${10.52}_{- 2.63}^{+ 5.56}$ $Mathematical equation: ${10.52_{ - 2.63}^{ + 5.56}}$$
	Ring	${0.21}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.21_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${33.17}_{- 4.74}^{+ 3.16}$ $Mathematical equation: ${33.17_{ - 4.74}^{ + 3.16}}$$	${0.08}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.08_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}}$$	${13.15}_{- 5.26}^{+ 5.26}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.08_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}}$$
	Ring	${0.41}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.01}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.41_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.01}}$$	${64.76}_{- 3.16}^{+ 1.58}$ $Mathematical equation: ${64.76_{ - 3.16}^{ + 1.58}}$$	${0.10}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.07}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.10_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.07}}$$	${15.78}_{- 7.89}^{+ 10.52}$ $Mathematical equation: ${15.78_{ - 7.89}^{ + 10.52}}$$
Haro 6-37 B	Shoulder	${0.01}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.01_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${0.20}_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.20}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.20_{ - 0.20}^{ + 0.20}}$$	${0.38}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.38_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${73.48}_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.20}$ $Mathematical equation: ${73.48_{ - 0.20}^{ + 0.20}}$$
CY Tau	Shoulder	${0.25}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.25_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${32.10}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${32.10_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${0.20}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.20_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${25.66}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${25.66_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$
MHO 1	Shoulder	${0.24}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.24_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${2.55}_{- 0.54}^{+ 0.54}$ $Mathematical equation: ${2.55_{ - 0.54}^{ + 0.54}}$$	${0.14}_{- 0.00}^{+ 0.00}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.14_{ - 0.00}^{ + 0.00}}$$	${18.89}_{- 0.27}^{+ 0.27}$ $Mathematical equation: ${18.89_{ - 0.27}^{ + 0.27}}$$
2MASS J11004022-7619280	Shoulder	${0.17}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.17_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${32.81}_{- 3.86}^{+ 3.86}$ $Mathematical equation: ${32.81_{ - 3.86}^{ + 3.86}}$$	${0.15}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.15_{ - 0.02}^{ + 0.02}}$$	${28.92}_{- 3.21}^{+ 3.21}$ $Mathematical equation: ${28.92_{ - 3.21}^{ + 3.21}}$$
	Shoulder	${0.20}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.04}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.20_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.04}}$$	${38.60}_{- 5.79}^{+ 7.72}$ $Mathematical equation: ${38.60_{ - 5.79}^{ + 7.72}}$$	${0.48}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.48_{ - 0.03}^{ + 0.03}}$$	${93.20}_{- 6.43}^{+ 6.43}$ $Mathematical equation: ${93.20_{ - 6.43}^{ + 6.43}}$$
2MASS J11111083-7641574	Shoulder	${0.09}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.05}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.09_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.05}}$$	${16.65}_{- 9.25}^{+ 9.25}$ $Mathematical equation: ${16.65_{ - 9.25}^{ + 9.25}}$$	${0.28}_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.10}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.28_{ - 0.08}^{ + 0.10}}$$	${52.37}_{- 15.40}^{+ 18.48}$ $Mathematical equation: ${52.37_{ - 15.40}^{ + 18.48}}$$
	Shoulder	${0.38}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.06}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.38_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.06}}$$	${70.30}_{- 9.25}^{+ 11.10}$ $Mathematical equation: ${70.30_{ - 9.25}^{ + 11.10}}$$	${0.45}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.05}$ $Mathematical equation: ${0.45_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.05}}$$	${83.17}_{- 9.24}^{+ 9.92}$ $Mathematical equation: ${83.17_{ - 9.24}^{ + 9.92}}$$

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