Investigating particle acceleration in the Wolf-Rayet bubble NGC 2359

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Table 5.

Best-fit parameters from SED modeling.

Apertures	χ²	d.o.f.	Best-fit values				Inferred values

			log A_sy (mJy)	α_sy	log n_e (cm⁻³	log B (μG)	ν_Razin (GHz)	ν_FFA (MHz)
Central region	13.3	3	$3 . 11_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.04}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 3.11^{+0.04}_{-0.06} $$	$- 0 . 68_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.1}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.68^{+0.1}_{-0.14} $$	$0 . 78_{- 0.29}^{+ 0.25}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.78^{+0.25}_{-0.29} $$	$- 0 . 3_{- 0.27}^{+ 0.19}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.3^{+0.19}_{-0.27} $$	$0 . 24_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.06}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.24^{+0.06}_{-0.05} $$	$12 . 7_{- 5.9}^{+ 9.8}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 12.7^{+9.8}_{-5.9} $$

E1	5.0	4	$2 . 21_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.04}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 2.21^{+0.04}_{-0.05} $$	$- 0 . 69_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.1}$ $Mathematical equation: $ -0.69^{+0.1}_{-0.18} $$	$1 . 45_{- 0.27}^{+ 0.16}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.45^{+0.16}_{-0.27} $$	$0 . 13_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.1}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.13^{+0.1}_{-0.18} $$	$0 . 39_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.13}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.39^{+0.13}_{-0.07} $$	$27 . 9_{- 12.6}^{+ 11.5}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 27.9^{+11.5}_{-12.6} $$
E2	8.1	4	$1 . 8_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.09}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.8^{+0.09}_{-0.12} $$	−0.5^a	$1 . 63_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.06}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.63^{+0.06}_{-0.09} $$	$0 . 12_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.11}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.12^{+0.11}_{-0.11} $$	$0 . 61_{- 0.17}^{+ 0.22}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.61^{+0.22}_{-0.17} $$	$38 . 7_{- 6.9}^{+ 5.1}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 38.7^{+5.1}_{-6.9} $$
E3	3.5	4	$1 . 72_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.04}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.72^{+0.04}_{-0.08} $$	−0.5^a	1.66^b	0.58^b	$0 . 24_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.04}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.24^{+0.04}_{-0.03} $$	$19 . 6_{- 8.8}^{+ 13.9}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 19.6^{+13.9}_{-8.8} $$
E4	3.0	4	$1 . 83_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.04}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.83^{+0.04}_{-0.05} $$	−0.5^a	1.62^b	0.4^b	$0 . 31_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.05}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.31^{+0.05}_{-0.03} $$	$19 . 2_{- 8.2}^{+ 12.6}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 19.2^{+12.6}_{-8.2} $$

Notes. Errors correspond to 1σ uncertainties based on the 16th and 84th percentiles of the posterior distributions.

^(a)

For apertures E2, E3, and E4, we fixed the spectral index at −0.5.

^(b)

For E3 and E4, n_e and B are highly correlated (see Fig. A.1), indicating degeneracy between them. Additionally, the lower limits are unconstrained and can be any arbitrary value; hence, we report their maximum values.

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