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Table 2

Models considered in this work and their main features.

Model IMBH formation Seeding conditions Formation histories
A Runaway stellar collisions and/or hierarchical BBH mergers tcc < 5 Myr, Z < 0.001 Uniform for z ∈ [2, 8]
A′ Same as Model A Same as Model A Normal dist. around z ∼ 3.2, follows galactic SFR

B Repeated stellar collisions and/or hierarchical BBH mergers ρcl,0 > 105 M pc−3, Z < 0.001, Pseed = 0.2 Same as Model A

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