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Table 2.

S/N degradation from 2024 to 2035 for VLT/FORS2 observations (200 kHz readout mode).

Object MASTER model MASTER/ORDEM-scaled

magnitude z = 0° z = 30° z = 60° z = 0° z = 30° z = 60°
[mag/arcsec2] [%] [%] [%] [%] [%] [%]
27 −7.28 −7.17 −6.97 −20.16 −20.44 −20.29
26 −6.22 −6.12 −6.01 −19.88 −20.15 −19.99
25 −4.59 −4.50 −4.50 −19.20 −19.44 −19.33
24 −2.80 −2.75 −2.80 −17.67 −17.84 −17.83
23 −1.44 −1.41 −1.46 −14.73 −14.80 −14.94
22 −0.65 −0.64 −0.67 −10.40 −10.37 −10.63

Notes. Values show percentage decrease in S/N due to increasing debris-induced sky brightness. Calculations use debris-induced sky brightness only (excluding natural sky background of 100 μcd/m2) to isolate debris-specific effects. Complete instrument parameters and methodology in Appendix C.

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