Observational constraints on the chemical tracers of planet formation history - A systematic survey of 13 directly imaged low-mass companions with VLT/ERIS

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Table A.2

Companion and stellar properties from the literature (continued).

Param.	Unit	2MJ0219 b	VHS 1256 b	CT Cha b	ROXs 12 b	HIP 78530 B	HIP 79098 (AB) B
SpT_S		M6	M7	K7	M0	B9	B9
Age	Myr	35 ± 5	140–225	2 ± 2	6–7	5 ± 1	10 ± 3
$T_{S}^{eff}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[T_{\mathrm{S}}^{\text {eff}}\]$$	K			$4403_{- 10}^{+ 6}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[4403_{-10}^{+6}\]$$	$4059_{- 4}^{+ 3}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[4059_{-4}^{+3}\]$$	$10690_{- 10}^{+ 24}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[10690_{-10}^{+24}\]$$	11646
log(g)_S	cgs			${3.66}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[3.66_{-0.01}^{+0.01}\]$$	${3.71}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[3.71_{-0.01}^{+0.01}\]$$	${4.68}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.02}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[4.68_{-0.01}^{+0.02}\]$$	3.8
C/O_S
[Fe/H]_S				$- {0.56}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[-0.56_{-0.01}^{+0.01}\]$$	${0.14}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[0.14_{-0.01}^{+0.01}\]$$	$- {0.50}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.03}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[-0.50_{-0.01}^{+0.03}\]$$	−0.8
K_S	mag	10.40 ± 0.03	10.04 ± 0.02	8.66 ± 0.02	9.10 ± 0.03	6.90 ± 0.02	5.71 ± 0.02
A₀	mag			2.5	3.7		0.3
d	pc	40.2	21.2	189.2	136.2	134.7	158.1
RV	km⁻¹	12.0 ± 1.9			−8.0 ± 5.4	−4.7 ± 0.9

ρ	mas	3960 ± 20	8060	1670 ± 38	1781 ± 2	4536–4540	2359 ± 1
K_P	mag	13.82 ± 0.10	14.66 ± 0.01	14.92 ± 0.30	14.32 ± 0.06	14.17 ± 0.04	14.15 ± 0.21
ΔK	mag	3.38 ± 0.10	4.62 ± 0.01	6.26 ± 0.30	5.06 ± 0.01	7.28 ± 0.03	8.44 ± 0.21
SpT_P		L4	L7	M9	L0	M7	L0
M_P	M_J	13.9 ± 1.1	11.2–20.0	17.0 ± 6.0	16.0–19.0	23.0 ± 1.0	28.0 ± 13.0
a	au	159 ± 1	170	316 ± 7	243 ± 0	611–612	373 ± 0
$T_{P}^{eff}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[T_{\mathrm{P}}^{\text {eff}}\]$$	K	1683 ± 43	880–1240	2500 ± 100	2500 ± 140	2700 ± 100	2360 ± 75
C/O_P			0.59–0.69		0.54 ± 0.05		0.54 ± 0.03
[Fe/H]_P					−0.3 ± 0.2		−0.1 ± 0.3
log(g)	cgs	4.2 ± 0.0	3.5–4.5	3.5 ± 0.5		4.5 ± 0.5
R_P	R_J	1.4 ± 0.0	1.2–1.3
¹²C/¹³C			62.0 ± 2.0				52.0 ± 22.0
Ref.		30	31–36	6, 21, 37, 38	6, 13, 18, 39, 40	6, 14, 41, 42	18, 43

Notes. The first nine rows describe the stellar parameters, whilst the rest describes the parameters of the companions. The targets are sorted by order of increasing companion mass. Notation: the subscript S indicates the stellar parameters, whilst P indicates the parameters of the companions; SpT denotes the spectral type; T^eff is the effective temperature; log(g) is the surface gravity; C/O is the atmospheric carbon-to-oxygen ratio; [Fe/H] is the atmospheric metallicity; K is the K-band apparent magnitude; A₀ is the extinction; d is the distance between the Sun and the stellar system; RV is the radial velocity of the star relative to the barycentre of the Solar System; ρ is the angular separation; ΔK is the K-band contrast; M_P is the mass of the companion; a is the projected separation (or the physical separation if available from an orbital fit); R_P is the planetary radius; ¹²C/¹³C is the carbon isotopologue ratio; and Ref. indicates the studies from which the values were taken over. References. 6. Swastik et al. (2021), 13. Kraus et al. (2014a), 14. Lachapelle et al. (2015), 18. Xuan et al. (2024), 21. Bonnefoy et al. (2014), 30. Artigau et al. (2015), 31. Petrus et al. (2023), 32. Dupuy et al. (2023), 33. Gauza et al. (2015), 34. Miles et al. (2023), 35. Hoch et al. (2022), 36. Gandhi et al. (2023), 37. Schmidt et al. (2008), 38. Wu et al. (2015), 39. Bowler et al. (2017), 40. Bryan et al. (2020), 41. Lafrenière et al. (2011), 42. Bailey et al. (2013), 43. Janson et al. (2019).

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