Hinode/XRT image during quiescent-Sun observation with highlighted pixels showing the AR component (green gradient) (Sect. 3.4) identified from spectral fitting in Sect. 3.3.1. The solar-limb boundaries, shown by the green circles, are taken from the Hinode/XRT segmentation maps. The inner boundary defines the reference area used in the filling-factor calculations. The black and red contours correspond to active regions and bright points, respectively, as identified in the Hinode/XRT segmentation database (Adithya et al. 2021). The active regions simultaneously detected by various solar instruments and registered in the HEK (Hurlburt et al. 2012) are shown as black bounding boxes.