Magnetization parameter (Eq. (21)) profiles for ions (k_i) and electrons (k_e) averaged over all latitudes and over dayside atmosphere (−90^◦< ϕ ≤ 90^◦). The dotted blue line (ω_pe/ν_en) shows the relation between the electron plasma frequency and the electron–neutral collision frequency averaged over the dayside atmosphere. The plasma coupling ratios were calculated from the ExoRad simulation for WASP-18 b with anisotropic drag. The dashed gray line shows where the plasma coupling ratio reaches unity.