Table 1
Physical (top) and numerical (bottom) parameters for WASP-18 b ExoRad simulations.
| Parameter | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Planetary mass, Mp | 10.4 MJup | Southworth et al. (2009) |
| Planetary radiusa, Rp,obs | 1.19 RJup | Shporer et al. (2019) |
| Surface gravity, g | 190 m s−2 | Southworth et al. (2009) |
| Orbital period (synchronous) | 0.94 days | Hellier et al. (2009) |
| Stellar effective temperature, T∗ | 6400 K | Hellier et al. (2009) |
| Stellar radiusa, R∗ | 1.23 R⊙ | Shporer et al. (2019) |
| Semi-major axis, aP | 0.02047 AU | Southworth et al. (2009) |
| Equilibrium temperature for zero albedo, Teq,0 | 2402 K | Eq. (12) |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0 (solar) | Southworth et al. (2009) |
| Mean molecular weight, µ | 1.9 | petitRADTRANS |
| Specific heatb, cp | 3.04×104 Jkg−1 K−1 | petitRADTRANS |
| Specific gas constant, Rd | 4341 J kg−1 K−1 | Rd = kB/(µmp) |
| Pressure range | 10−5 … 700 bar | |
| Grid resolution | C32 (∼128 × 64) | |
| Vertical levels | 47 | |
| Equatorial surface magnetic field strength, B0 | 5 G | |
| Magnetic field geometry | Anti-aligned dipole | |
| Sponge layer Rayleigh friction (ktop) | 20 days−1 | |
Timescale for Rayleigh friction in deep layers  |
1 day | |
| Radiative time step | 100 s | |
| Simulation time step | 25 s | |
| Simulation time length | 1000 days | |
Notes. R⊙ ∼ 6.95508 × 108 m: solar radius; RJup ∼7.1492 × 107 m: Jupiter radius (equatorial, at 1 bar); MJup ∼1.898 × 1027 kg: Jupiter’s mass; mp ∼ 1.673 × 10−27 kg: mass of a hydrogen atom. (a)Values were inferred from transit light curves of TESS observed in a wavelength range from 600 to 1000 nm. (b)cP was derived using the adiabatic temperature gradient, which was calculated using Eqs. (2.50), (2.59), and (2.75) of Gordon & McBride (1994).
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