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Table A.1

Distances and cluster/OB association memberships for YSGs and YHGs.

Identifier Distance Gaia(4) (pc) Lit. cluster/assoc. Lit. distance (pc) Ref. Ident. cluster/assoc. Distance to cl/assoc. (pc) Ref. H I kinematic distance (pc) Group distance (pc)
ϕ Cas 3978−903+1627Mathematical equation: $\[3978_{-903}^{+1627}\]$ NGC 457 2420 5,6 NGC 457 2800 ± 9 2 1000–1800 2920−113+114Mathematical equation: $\[2920_{-113}^{+114}\]$
HD 10494 2823−114+142Mathematical equation: $\[2823_{-114}^{+142}\]$ NGC 654 2450 5,6 NGC 654 2815 ± 11 2 1000–1800 2784−61+57Mathematical equation: $\[2784_{-61}^{+57}\]$
Cas OB8 2300 7 Chemel 150 2626 3
HD 12399 3792−192+240Mathematical equation: $\[3792_{-192}^{+240}\]$ − − − − 2000–3200 3564−266+320Mathematical equation: $\[3564_{-266}^{+320}\]$
HD 18391 2263−93+113Mathematical equation: $\[2263_{-93}^{+113}\]$ Anon. 1661 ± 73 8 SAI 25 2252 ± 11 2 2000–2800 2242−52+49Mathematical equation: $\[2242_{-52}^{+49}\]$
Cluster Chemel 143 2262 3
ϵ Aur 1056−182+218Mathematical equation: $\[1056_{-182}^{+218}\]$ Aur OB1 1060 5,7 Chemel 147 1154 3 ~700 1127 ± 31
− 900 9
− 1500 ± 500 10
HD 57118 2759−138+116Mathematical equation: $\[2759_{-138}^{+116}\]$ − − Chemel 25 2524 3 ~3300 2790−9388Mathematical equation: $\[2790_{-93}^{88}\]$
R Pup 3958−228+291Mathematical equation: $\[3958_{-228}^{+291}\]$ NGC 2439 4450 5,11 NGC 2439 3350 ± 13 2 ~3500 3331−80+77Mathematical equation: $\[3331_{-80}^{+77}\]$
Chemel 68 3237 3
HD 74180 2532−397+600Mathematical equation: $\[2532_{-397}^{+600}\]$ Vel OB1 1460 7,12 Chemel 107 1935 3 1500–2000 1657−34+33Mathematical equation: $\[1657_{-34}^{+33}\]$
Vel OB1 1750 ± 156 13
HD 75276 1443−57+74Mathematical equation: $\[1443_{-57}^{+74}\]$ Vel OB1 1460 7 Chemel 106 1447 3 ~1500 1538 ± 24
Vel OB1 1750 ± 156 13
V709 Car 4006−376+397Mathematical equation: $\[4006_{-376}^{+397}\]$ − − Stellar group ~3600 3817−271+315Mathematical equation: $\[3817_{-271}^{+315}\]$
TYC 8958-479-1 8783−1330+2122Mathematical equation: $\[8783_{-1330}^{+2122}\]$ Barbá 2 7390−550+650Mathematical equation: $\[7390_{-550}^{+650}\]$ 14 Chemel 8 6917 3 − 7025−572+687Mathematical equation: $\[7025_{-572}^{+687}\]$
HD 96918 4583−1127+1376Mathematical equation: $\[4583_{-1127}^{+1376}\]$ Car OB2 1790 7 Chemel 210/211 2362/2450 3 500/5000 2623−83+88Mathematical equation: $\[2623_{-83}^{+88}\]$
Car OB2 2000 12
− 2700 ± 1000 15
o1 Cen 3783−928+3197Mathematical equation: $\[3783_{-928}^{+3197}\]$ − − − − ~2800 2880 ± 100
V810 Cen 5312−1319+2095Mathematical equation: $\[5312_{-1319}^{+2095}\]$ Cru OB1 2010 7 Chemel 205 2347 3 2400–3500 2330−65+61Mathematical equation: $\[2330_{-65}^{+61}\]$
Stock 14 2780 ± 120 16 Stock 14 2340 ± 9 2
HR 5171A 3601−539+649Mathematical equation: $\[3601_{-539}^{+649}\]$ Gum 48d 3500 17 SFR − ~3500 2953−96+92Mathematical equation: $\[2953_{-96}^{+92}\]$(a)
R 80 3600 12
R 80 2900 7
− 1500 ± 500 18
UCAC2 4867478 3327−331+465Mathematical equation: $\[3327_{-331}^{+465}\]$ − − Stellar group − ~3600 3322−314+351Mathematical equation: $\[3322_{-314}^{+351}\]$
IRAS 14394-6059 5450−686+770Mathematical equation: $\[5450_{-686}^{+770}\]$ − − − − − −*
CD-595594 3739−279+325Mathematical equation: $\[3739_{-279}^{+325}\]$ − − Pismis 21 2906 ± 24 2 ~2500 2849 ± 77
Chemel 47 2958 3
HD 144812 1352−58+66Mathematical equation: $\[1352_{-58}^{+66}\]$ − − − − − 1374−132+169Mathematical equation: $\[1374_{-132}^{+169}\]$(a)
V870 Sco 3945−642+940Mathematical equation: $\[3945_{-642}^{+940}\]$ NGC 6231 backgr. < 2090 19 − − ~3500 −†
V915 Sco 1717−115+175Mathematical equation: $\[1717_{-115}^{+175}\]$ − 2630−339+390Mathematical equation: $\[2630_{-339}^{+390}\]$ 20 HSC 2870 2350 ± 25 2 1500–2000 2253−56+57Mathematical equation: $\[2253_{-56}^{+57}\]$
− 2800 ± 1100 21 Chemel 82 2250 3
IRAS 17163-3907 5196−1032+1401Mathematical equation: $\[5196_{-1032}^{+1401}\]$ − 1200−200+400Mathematical equation: $\[1200_{-200}^{+400}\]$ 22 − − ~1000 −†
− 3600–4700 23
RCW 122 3380 ± 300 24
− ~1000 24
V925 Sco 3006−166+192Mathematical equation: $\[3006_{-166}^{+192}\]$ Trumpler 27 2427 25 Chemel 82 2250 3 1800–4000 2310−110+126Mathematical equation: $\[2310_{-110}^{+126}\]$
Trumpler 27 2100 ± 200 26
[FMR2006] 15 3654−1750+1743Mathematical equation: $\[3654_{-1750}^{+1743}\]$ RSGC 1 5800 27 RSG group − ~6500 −†
RSGC 1 6600 28
IRAS 18357-0604 4539−1655+1939Mathematical equation: $\[4539_{-1655}^{+1939}\]$ RSG assoc. ~6000 29 RSG assoc. − ~5500 −†
HD 179821 4432−355+349Mathematical equation: $\[4432_{-355}^{+349}\]$ − 6000 18 − − >5000 −*
− 6000 ± 1000 30
− ≥ 4000 31
V1452 Aql 2748−148+193Mathematical equation: $\[2748_{-148}^{+193}\]$ − − CWNU 1591 2290 4 2500–3500 2472−104+111Mathematical equation: $\[2472_{-104}^{+111}\]$
IRC +10420 4260−752+878Mathematical equation: $\[4260_{-752}^{+878}\]$ − 5800 32 − − ~5500 −*
− 4000–6000 33
V1027 Cyg 3723−237+265Mathematical equation: $\[3723_{-237}^{+265}\]$ − − Chemel 15 3902 3 2000–4500 3977−208+226Mathematical equation: $\[3977_{-208}^{+226}\]$
HD 331777 4559−363+388Mathematical equation: $\[4559_{-363}^{+388}\]$ − − Kronberger 54 4025−70+73Mathematical equation: $\[4025_{-70}^{+73}\]$ 2 2000–5000 3789−176+190Mathematical equation: $\[3789_{-176}^{+190}\]$
Chemel 15 3902 3
RW Cep 6666−1006+1561Mathematical equation: $\[6666_{-1006}^{+1561}\]$ Berkeley 94 3900 ± 110 34 Berkeley 94 4000 ± 40 2 ~3500 3921−157+168Mathematical equation: $\[3921_{-157}^{+168}\]$
Cep OB1 3470 12 Chemel 122 3876 3
V509 Cas 3917−737+969Mathematical equation: $\[3917_{-737}^{+969}\]$ Cep OB1 2780 7 Chemel 120 3055 3 ~3800 3368 ± 127
Cep OB1 3470 12
− 1370 ± 480 35
6 Cas 2319−288+463Mathematical equation: $\[2319_{-288}^{+463}\]$ Cas OB5 2500–3000 7,36 Chemel 141 2827 3 2000–3000 2790−71+70Mathematical equation: $\[2790_{-71}^{+70}\]$
− 2780−290+370Mathematical equation: $\[2780_{-290}^{+370}\]$ 37
HD 223767 2879−117+136Mathematical equation: $\[2879_{-117}^{+136}\]$ Cas OB5 2500–3000 7,36 Chemel 141 2827 3 2000–3000 2740−83+86Mathematical equation: $\[2740_{-83}^{+86}\]$
ρ Cas 6747−1647+1918Mathematical equation: $\[6747_{-1647}^{+1918}\]$ Cas OB5 2500–3000 7,36 − − 2500–3200 2810−102+104Mathematical equation: $\[2810_{-102}^{+104}\]$
− 2500 ± 500 18
− 3100 ± 500 38

Notes. The targets are ordered by increasing right ascension. ’Stellar group’ indicates that the star is not associated with any known cluster or OB association, but a co-moving group of nearby stars is identified.

* Use Bailer-Jones et al. (2021) distance. † Use H I-based distance. (a)See comments in Appendix B.

References. (1) Bailer-Jones et al. (2021); (2) Hunt & Reffert (2024); (3) Chemel et al. (2022); (4) He et al. (2023a); (5) Arellano Ferro & Parrao (1990); (6) Rastorguev et al. (1999); (7) Mel’nik & Dambis (2017); (8) Turner et al. (2009); (9) Strassmeier et al. (2014); (10) Guinan et al. (2012); (11) White (1975); (12) Humphreys (1978); (13) Reed (2000); (14) Maíz Apellániz & Negueruela (2025); (15) Achmad et al. (1992); (16) Turner (1982); (17) Karr et al. (2009); (18) van Genderen et al. (2019); (19) Damiani et al. (2016); (20) Andrews (1977); (21) Vasquez et al. (2005); (22) Koumpia et al. (2020); (23) Lagadec et al. (2011); (24) Wallström et al. (2015); (25) Perren et al. (2012); (26) Moffat et al. (1977); (27) Figer et al. (2006); (28) Davies et al. (2008); (29) Clark et al. (2014); (30) Hawkins et al. (1995); (31) Reddy & Hrivnak (1999); (32) Nedoluha & Bowers (1992); (33) Jones et al. (1993); (34) Delgado et al. (2013); (35) Nieuwenhuijzen et al. (2012); (36) Quintana et al. (2025); (37) Maíz Apellániz et al. (2021a); (38) Zsoldos & Percy (1991)

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