Super-Earth masses and stellar abundances from NIRPS reveal tentative evidence for water-rich formation around M dwarfs

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Volume 709 (May 2026)

A&A, 709 (2026) A165

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Table A.2

Reported planetary parameters.

Parameter	GJ 1132 b	GJ 1252 b	LTT 3780 b	GJ 357 b	HD 260655 b
Period (days)	1.63	0.52	0.77	3.93	2.77
Mass (M_⊕)	1.69 ± 0.15	1.54 ± 0.18	2.34 ± 0.10	1.83 ± 0.30	2.19 ± 0.35
Radius (R_⊕)	1.22 ± 0.04	1.19 ± 0.05	1.31 ± 0.05	1.21 ± 0.05	${1.31}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.05}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[1.31_{-0.04}^{+0.05}\]$$
T_eq (K)	591 ± 11	1090 ± 46	916 ± 29	548 ± 11	724 ± 14
CMF_planet	< 0.39	< 0.48	${0.19}_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.15}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[0.19_{-0.12}^{+0.15}\]$$	${0.27}_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.20}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[0.27_{-0.18}^{+0.20}\]$$	< 0.46
CMF_star	${0.29}_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.12}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[0.29_{-0.11}^{+0.12}\]$$	${0.20}_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.14}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[0.20_{-0.12}^{+0.14}\]$$	${0.23}_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.12}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[0.23_{-0.11}^{+0.12}\]$$	0.38 ± 0.11	0.28 ± 0.06

Parameter	L 98-59 b	L 98-59 c	LHS 1140 c	TOI-270 b
Period (days)	2.25	3.69	3.78	3.36
Mass (M_⊕)	0.45 ± 0.11	1.98 ± 0.13	1.89 ± 0.06	1.49 ± 0.25
Radius (R_⊕)	0.83 ± 0.03	1.32 ± 0.04	1.25 ± 0.04	1.28 ± 0.04
T_eq (K)	617 ± 26	524 ± 22	421 ± 9	585 ± 15
CMF_planet	${0.29}_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.22}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[0.29_{-0.19}^{+0.22}\]$$	< 0.26	${0.14}_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.13}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[0.14_{-0.10}^{+0.13}\]$$	< 0.29
CMF_star	${0.29}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.14}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[0.29_{-0.13}^{+0.14}\]$$	${0.29}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.14}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[0.29_{-0.13}^{+0.14}\]$$	0.32 ± 0.09	${0.34}_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.12}$ $Mathematical equation: $\[0.34_{-0.11}^{+0.12}\]$$

This table details derived masses, radii equilibrium temperatures, and previously reported periods of our planetary sample, along with the CMFs calculated for each planet in our sample (as derived from the planet masses and radii and as inferred from stellar abundances.) The 95th percentile upper limits on the CMF estimates are reported instead of error bars where the CMF posterior is consistent with 0 (i.e., the mode of the CMF posterior distribution is at zero). Equilibrium temperatures are reported as if the Bond albedo were 0.

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