Captured population for each MMR under different parameters, compared with observations. The histogram displays the current observational results, with error bars indicating observational uncertainties (details in Table 1). Different markers denote different migration rates, while the crosses specifically denote the exponential migration model with an average migration rate of 0.1 au/Myr. Different colors represent different eccentricity excitations for the small bodies. The x-axis provides the corresponding p (above) and q (below) values for each MMR, arranged at equal intervals in order of proximity. The y-axis represents the population within each MMR, all data are normalized, with the 2:3 MMR as a reference standard.