Example of an I-V curve from a current sweep performed by the Solar Orbiter RPW instrument with antenna 1. The red dot indicates the operating potential, which is the potential at which the antenna floats with the programmed bias current commanded between sweeps. The knee of the I–V marked with a dashed green vertical line indicates the V_ps, where the probe switches from negative to positive potential. The potential difference between the operating voltage (V_ps) and the knee of the I–V curve (dashed green line) is the probe-to-near plasma potential (V_pn).