Progenitor stellar masses inferred from the AMR subsample compared to dynamical constraints. Grey-shaded boxes indicate the allowed progenitor stellar-mass ranges inferred from GC orbital information in E-MOSAICS by Pfeffer et al. (2020). Black points show the chemistry-only M_⋆ posteriors obtained by inverting the dwarf mass–metallicity relation using the AMR-inferred [Fe/H]_stop (error bars are the 16th–84th percentiles from MC propagation). Red points show the corresponding importance-weighted posteriors after applying the Pfeffer et al. (2020) mass constraints as a prior in log M_⋆.