Time-distance maps (left), RMS velocity (middle), and period (right) along the yellow slit marked in Fig. 1, for each EMD mode. The EMD modes are arranged in rows in increasing order from c₁ to c₄. Dashed black lines indicate the umbral boundaries, and each colored line corresponds to the positions marked with the same colors in Fig. 1. In panel (a), lime boxes mark the region where dislocations occur. Cyan circles in panel (g) represent shock merging regions. Lime-colored slopes and their associated values in panel (j) indicate the apparent propagation speeds derived from the slopes. The color scale for the time-distance maps ranges from –5 to 5 km s⁻¹. As in Fig. 2, the observation start time is set to 0, and the gray areas represent intervals with missing data. Distance 0 corresponds to point “a” in Fig. 1.