Open Access
Issue
A&A
Volume 700, August 2025
Article Number A67
Number of page(s) 17
Section Planets, planetary systems, and small bodies
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202553904
Published online 05 August 2025
  1. Aguichine, A., Mousis, O., Deleuil, M., & Marcq, E. 2021, ApJ, 914, 84 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  2. Andrews, S. M., Terrell, M., Tripathi, A., et al. 2018, ApJ, 865, 157 [Google Scholar]
  3. Arabhavi, A. M., Kamp, I., Henning, Th., et al. 2024, Science, 384, 1086 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  4. Armitage, P. J. 2013, Astrophysics of Planet Formation (Cambridge University Press) [Google Scholar]
  5. Asplund, M., Grevesse, N., Sauval, A. J., & Scott, P. 2009, ARA&A, 47, 481 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  6. Ataiee, S., Baruteau, C., Alibert, Y., & Benz, W. 2018, A&A, 615, A110 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  7. August, P. C., Bean, J. L., Zhang, M., et al. 2023, ApJ, 953, L24 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  8. Banzatti, A., Pontoppidan, K. M., Carr, J. S., et al. 2023, ApJ, 957, L22 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  9. Baraffe, I., Homeier, D., Allard, F., & Chabrier, G. 2015, A&A, 577, A42 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  10. Birnstiel, T., Klahr, H., & Ercolano, B. 2012, A&A, 539, A148 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  11. Bitsch, B., & Battistini, C. 2020, A&A, 633, A10 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  12. Bitsch, B., Lambrechts, M., & Johansen, A. 2015, A&A, 582, A112 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  13. Bitsch, B., Morbidelli, A., Johansen, A., et al. 2018, A&A, 612, A30 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  14. Bitsch, B., Izidoro, A., Johansen, A., et al. 2019, A&A, 623, A88 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  15. Bitsch, B., Raymond, S. N., Buchhave, L. A., et al. 2021, A&A, 649, L5 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  16. Bitsch, B., Schneider, A. D., & Kreidberg, L. 2022, A&A, 665, A138 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  17. Booth, R. A., Clarke, C. J., Madhusudhan, N., & Ilee, J. D. 2017, MNRAS, 469, 3994 [Google Scholar]
  18. Borderies, A., Commerçon, B., & Bourdon, B. 2025, A&A, 694, A89 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  19. Bosman, A. D., Alarcón, F., Bergin, E. A., et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 7 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  20. Brauer, F., Dullemond, C. P., & Henning, Th. 2008, A&A, 480, 859 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  21. Cuzzi, J. N., & Zahnle, K. J. 2004, ApJ, 614, 490 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  22. Drążkowska, J., Bitsch, B., Lambrechts, M., et al. 2023, in Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, 534, Protostars and Planets VII, eds. S. Inutsuka, Y. Aikawa, T. Muto, K. Tomida, & M. Tamura, 717 [Google Scholar]
  23. Dullemond, C. P., Birnstiel, T., Huang, J., et al. 2018, ApJ, 869, L46 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  24. Eistrup, C., & Henning, T. 2022, A&A, 667, A160 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  25. Emsenhuber, A., Mordasini, C., Burn, R., et al. 2021, A&A, 656, A69 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  26. Ercolano, B., & Clarke, C. J. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 2735 [Google Scholar]
  27. Ercolano, B., Clarke, C. J., & Drake, J. J. 2009, ApJ, 699, 1639 [Google Scholar]
  28. Ercolano, B., Picogna, G., Monsch, K., Drake, J. J., & Preibisch, T. 2021, MNRAS, 508, 1675 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  29. Fedele, D., Van Den Ancker, M. E., Henning, Th., Jayawardhana, R., & Oliveira, J. M. 2010, A&A, 510, A72 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  30. Flock, M., Ruge, J. P., Dzyurkevich, N., et al. 2015, A&A, 574, A68 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  31. Gail, H.-P., & Trieloff, M. 2017, A&A, 606, A16 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  32. Galli, P. A. B., Loinard, L., Bouy, H., et al. 2019, A&A, 630, A137 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  33. Gasman, D., Van Dishoeck, E. F., Grant, S. L., et al. 2023, A&A, 679, A117 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  34. Gasman, D., Temmink, M., van Dishoeck, E. F., et al. 2025, A&A, 694, A147 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  35. Grant, S. L., Van Dishoeck, E. F., Tabone, B., et al. 2023, ApJ, 947, L6 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  36. Grant, S. L., Temmink, M., Van Dishoeck, E. F., et al. 2025, A&A, submitted [Google Scholar]
  37. Güdel, M., Briggs, K. R., Arzner, K., et al. 2007, A&A, 468, 353 [Google Scholar]
  38. Guilera, O. M., De Elía, G. C., Brunini, A., & Santamaría, P. J. 2014, A&A, 565, A96 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  39. Gundlach, B., & Blum, J. 2014, ApJ, 798, 34 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  40. Henning, T., & Semenov, D. 2013, Chem. Rev., 113, 9016 [Google Scholar]
  41. Houge, A., Johansen, A., Bergin, E., et al. 2025, A&A, 699, A227 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  42. Ida, S., & Lin, D. N. C. 2004, ApJ, 604, 388 [Google Scholar]
  43. Izidoro, A., Bitsch, B., Raymond, S. N., et al. 2021, A&A, 650, A152 [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  44. Johansen, A., & Bitsch, B. 2019, A&A, 631, A70 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  45. Kalyaan, A., Pinilla, P., Krijt, S., et al. 2023, ApJ, 954, 66 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  46. Kanwar, J., Kamp, I., Jang, H., et al. 2024a, A&A, 689, A231 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  47. Kanwar, J., Kamp, I., Woitke, P., et al. 2024b, A&A, 681, A22 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  48. Keppler, M., Benisty, M., Müller, A., et al. 2018, A&A, 617, A44 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  49. Lambrechts, M., & Johansen, A. 2012, A&A, 544, A32 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  50. Lambrechts, M., Johansen, A., & Morbidelli, A. 2014, A&A, 572, A35 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  51. Lambrechts, M., Morbidelli, A., Jacobson, S. A., et al. 2019, A&A, 627, A83 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  52. Le Gal, R., Öberg, K. I., Teague, R., et al. 2021, ApJS, 257, 12 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  53. Lee, J.-E., Bergin, E. A., & Nomura, H. 2010, ApJ, 710, L21 [Google Scholar]
  54. Lenzuni, P., Gail, H.-P., & Henning, T. 1995, ApJ, 447, 848 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  55. Lesur, G., Flock, M., Ercolano, B., et al. 2023, in Protostars and Planets VII, 465 [Google Scholar]
  56. Li, J., Bergin, E. A., Blake, G. A., Ciesla, F. J., & Hirschmann, M. M. 2021, Sci. Adv., 7, eabd3632 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  57. Lienert, J. L., Bitsch, B., & Henning, Th. 2024, A&A, 691, A72 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  58. Line, M. R., Brogi, M., Bean, J. L., et al. 2021, Nature, 598, 580 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  59. Liu, B., Lambrechts, M., Johansen, A., & Liu, F. 2019, A&A, 632, A7 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  60. Lynden-Bell, D., & Pringle, J. E. 1974, MNRAS, 168, 603 [Google Scholar]
  61. Mah, J., & Bitsch, B. 2023, A&A, 673, A17 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  62. Mah, J., Bitsch, B., Pascucci, I., & Henning, T. 2023, A&A, 677, L7 [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  63. Mah, J., Savvidou, S., & Bitsch, B. 2024, A&A, 686, L17 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  64. Mamajek, E. E., Usuda, T., Tamura, M., & Ishii, M. 2009, in AIP Conference Proceedings (Kailua-Kona (Hawaii): AIP), 3 [Google Scholar]
  65. Michel, A., Van Der Marel, N., & Matthews, B. C. 2021, ApJ, 921, 72 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  66. Miguel, Y., Cridland, A., Ormel, C. W., Fortney, J. J., & Ida, S. 2019, MNRAS, stz3007 [Google Scholar]
  67. Mollière, P., Stolker, T., Lacour, S., et al. 2020, A&A, 640, A131 [Google Scholar]
  68. Mollière, P., Molyarova, T., Bitsch, B., et al. 2022, ApJ, 934, 74 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  69. Mordasini, C. 2018, in Handbook of Exoplanets, eds. H. J. Deeg, & J. A. Belmonte (Cham: Springer International Publishing), 2425 [Google Scholar]
  70. Mordasini, C., van Boekel, R., Mollière, P., Henning, Th., & Benneke, B. 2016, ApJ, 832, 41 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  71. Mousis, O., Atkinson, D. H., & Ice Giants team 2022, EGU22, the 24th EGU General Assembly, online at https://egu22.eu/, EGU22-13077 [Google Scholar]
  72. Müller, A., Keppler, M., Henning, Th., et al. 2018, A&A, 617, L2 [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  73. Nakano, H., Kouchi, A., Tachibana, S., & Tsuchiyama, A. 2003, ApJ, 592, 1252 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  74. Ndugu, N., Bitsch, B., & Jurua, E. 2018, MNRAS, 474, 886 [Google Scholar]
  75. Öberg, K. I., Murray-Clay, R., & Bergin, E. A. 2011, ApJ, 743, L16 [Google Scholar]
  76. Ormel, C. W., & Klahr, H. H. 2010, A&A, 520, A43 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  77. Owen, J. E., Clarke, C. J., & Ercolano, B. 2012, MNRAS, 422, 1880 [Google Scholar]
  78. Owen, J. E., Hudoba De Badyn, M., Clarke, C. J., & Robins, L. 2013, MNRAS, 436, 1430 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  79. Paardekooper, S.-J., & Mellema, G. 2006, A&A, 453, 1129 [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  80. Pascucci, I., & Sterzik, M. 2009, ApJ, 702, 724 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  81. Pascucci, I., Cabrit, S., Edwards, S., et al. 2023, ASP Conf. Ser., 534, 567 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  82. Pelletier, S., Benneke, B., Darveau-Bernier, A., et al. 2021, AJ, 162, 73 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  83. Penzlin, A. B. T., Booth, R. A., Kirk, J., et al. 2024, MNRAS, 535, 171 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  84. Pfalzner, S., Dehghani, S., & Michel, A. 2022, ApJ, 939, L10 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  85. Pfeil, T., Birnstiel, T., & Klahr, H. 2024, A&A, 691, A45 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  86. Picogna, G., Ercolano, B., Owen, J. E., & Weber, M. L. 2019, MNRAS, 487, 691 [Google Scholar]
  87. Picogna, G., Ercolano, B., & Espaillat, C. C. 2021, MNRAS, 508, 3611 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  88. Pinilla, P., Birnstiel, T., Ricci, L., et al. 2012, A&A, 538, A114 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  89. Portilla Revelo, B. 2023, PhD thesis, University of Groningen, The Netherlands [Google Scholar]
  90. Pringle, J. E. 1981, ARA&A, 19, 137 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  91. Raul, E., Alarcón, F., & Bergin, E. A. 2025, ApJ, 982, 155 [Google Scholar]
  92. Ros, K., & Johansen, A. 2013, A&A, 552, A137 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  93. Schneider, A. D., & Bitsch, B. 2021a, A&A, 654, A71 [Google Scholar]
  94. Schneider, A. D., & Bitsch, B. 2021b, A&A, 654, A72 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  95. Sellek, A. D., Grassi, T., Picogna, G., et al. 2024, A&A, 690, A296 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  96. Shakura, N. I., & Sunyaev, R. A. 1973, A&A, 337 [Google Scholar]
  97. Tabone, B., Bettoni, G., Van Dishoeck, E. F., et al. 2023, Nat. Astron., 7, 805 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  98. Van ’T Hoff, M. L. R., Bergin, E. A., Jorgensen, J. K., & Blake, G. A. 2020, ApJ, 897, L38 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  99. Weber, P., Benitez-Llambay, P., Gressel, O., Krapp, L., & Pessah, M. E. 2018, ApJ, 854, 153 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  100. Wei, C.-E., Nomura, H., Lee, J.-E., et al. 2019, ApJ, 870, 129 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  101. Winter, A. J., & Haworth, T. J. 2022, EPJ Plus, 137, 1132 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.