EDP Sciences logo
Subscriber Authentication Point
Search
Menu
Home All issues Volume 704 (December 2025) A&A, 704 (2025) A234 References
Open Access
Issue
A&A
Volume 704, December 2025
Article Number A234
Number of page(s) 17
Section Extragalactic astronomy
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202453228
Published online 12 December 2025
  1. Ackermann, S., Schawinski, K., Zhang, C., Weigel, A. K., & Turp, M. D. 2018, MNRAS, 479, 415 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  2. Aihara, H., Arimoto, N., Armstrong, R., et al. 2018, PASJ, 70, S4 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  3. Asada, Y., Sawicki, M., Abraham, R., et al. 2024, MNRAS, 527, 11372 [Google Scholar]
  4. Astropy Collaboration (Robitaille, T. P., et al.) 2013, A&A, 558, A33 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  5. Astropy Collaboration (Price-Whelan, A. M., et al.) 2018, AJ, 156, 123 [Google Scholar]
  6. Astropy Collaboration (Price-Whelan, A. M., et al.) 2022, ApJ, 935, 167 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  7. Barton, E. J., Geller, M. J., & Kenyon, S. J. 2000, ApJ, 530, 660 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bickley, R. W., Bottrell, C., Hani, M. H., et al. 2021, MNRAS, 504, 372 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bickley, R. W., Ellison, S. L., Patton, D. R., et al. 2022, MNRAS, 514, 3294 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  10. Bickley, R. W., Ellison, S. L., Patton, D. R., & Wilkinson, S. 2023, MNRAS, 519, 6149 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  11. Bilicki, M., Dvornik, A., Hoekstra, H., et al. 2021, A&A, 653, A82 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  12. Boquien, M., Burgarella, D., Roehlly, Y., et al. 2019, A&A, 622, A103 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  13. Bottrell, C., Hani, M. H., Teimoorinia, H., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 490, 5390 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  14. Boylan-Kolchin, M., Springel, V., White, S. D. M., Jenkins, A., & Lemson, G. 2009, MNRAS, 398, 1150 [Google Scholar]
  15. Bradley, L., Sipocz, B., Robitaille, T., et al. 2024, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10671725 [Google Scholar]
  16. Brown, W., Patton, D. R., Ellison, S. L., & Faria, L. 2023, MNRAS, 522, 5107 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  17. Bruzual, G., & Charlot, S. 2003, MNRAS, 344, 1000 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  18. Bustamante, S., Sparre, M., Springel, V., & Grand, R. J. J. 2018, MNRAS, 479, 3381 [Google Scholar]
  19. Capaccioli, M., & Schipani, P. 2011, The Messenger, 146, 2 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  20. Capaccioli, M., Schipani, P., de Paris, G., et al. 2012, in Science from the Next Generation Imaging and Spectroscopic Surveys, 1 [Google Scholar]
  21. Chabrier, G. 2003, PASP, 115, 763 [Google Scholar]
  22. Charlot, S., & Fall, S. M. 2000, ApJ, 539, 718 [Google Scholar]
  23. 6 Ćiprijanović, A., Kafkes, D., Jenkins, S., et al. 2020a, ArXiv e-prints [arXiv:2011.03591] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ćiprijanović, A., Snyder, G. F., Nord, B., & Peek, J. E. G. 2020b, Astron. Comput., 32, 100390 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  25. Ćiprijanović, A., Kafkes, D., Downey, K., et al. 2021, MNRAS, 506, 677 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  26. Conselice, C. J. 2014, ARA&A, 52, 291 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  27. Conselice, C. J., Bershady, M. A., & Jangren, A. 2000, ApJ, 529, 886 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  28. Conselice, C. J., Bershady, M. A., Dickinson, M., & Papovich, C. 2003, AJ, 126, 1183 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  29. Cortijo-Ferrero, C., González Delgado, R. M., Pérez, E., et al. 2017, MNRAS, 467, 3898 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  30. Darg, D. W., Kaviraj, S., Lintott, C. J., et al. 2010a, MNRAS, 401, 1552 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  31. Darg, D. W., Kaviraj, S., Lintott, C. J., et al. 2010b, MNRAS, 401, 1043 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  32. de Graaff, R., Margalef-Bentabol, B., Wang, L., et al. 2025, A&A, 697, A207 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  33. de Jong, J. T. A., Kuijken, K., Applegate, D., et al. 2013a, The Messenger, 154, 44 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  34. de Jong, J. T. A., Verdoes Kleijn, G. A., Kuijken, K. H., & Valentijn, E. A. 2013b, Exp. Astron., 35, 25 [Google Scholar]
  35. De Propris, R., Liske, J., Driver, S. P., Allen, P. D., & Cross, N. J. G. 2005, AJ, 130, 1516 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  36. Desmons, A., Brough, S., Martínez-Lombilla, C., et al. 2023, MNRAS, 523, 4381 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  37. Domínguez Sánchez, H., Martin, G., Damjanov, I., et al. 2023, MNRAS, 521, 3861 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  38. Draine, B. T., Aniano, G., Krause, O., et al. 2014, ApJ, 780, 172 [Google Scholar]
  39. Driver, S. P., Norberg, P., Baldry, I. K., et al. 2009, Astron. Geophys., 50, 12 [Google Scholar]
  40. Driver, S. P., Bellstedt, S., Robotham, A. S. G., et al. 2022, MNRAS, 513, 439 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  41. Duncan, K., Conselice, C. J., Mundy, C., et al. 2019, ApJ, 876, 110 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  42. Eales, S., Dunne, L., Clements, D., et al. 2010, PASP, 122, 499 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  43. Edge, A., Sutherland, W., Kuijken, K., et al. 2013, The Messenger, 154, 32 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  44. Ellison, S. L., Patton, D. R., Simard, L., & McConnachie, A. W. 2008, AJ, 135, 1877 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  45. Ellison, S. L., Mendel, J. T., Patton, D. R., & Scudder, J. M. 2013a, MNRAS, 435, 3627 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  46. Ellison, S. L., Mendel, J. T., Scudder, J. M., Patton, D. R., & Palmer, M. J. D. 2013b, MNRAS, 430, 3128 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  47. Ellison, S. L., Viswanathan, A., Patton, D. R., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 487, 2491 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  48. Ellison, S. L., Wilkinson, S., Woo, J., et al. 2022, MNRAS, 517, L92 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  49. Ellison, S., Ferreira, L., Wild, V., et al. 2024, Open J. Astrophys., 7, 121 [Google Scholar]
  50. Feng, S., Shen, S.-Y., Yuan, F.-T., et al. 2024, ApJ, 965, 60 [Google Scholar]
  51. Ferreira, L., Conselice, C. J., Duncan, K., et al. 2020, ApJ, 895, 115 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  52. Ferreira, L., Ellison, S. L., Patton, D. R., et al. 2025, MNRAS, 538, L31 [Google Scholar]
  53. Fritz, J., Franceschini, A., & Hatziminaoglou, E. 2006, MNRAS, 366, 767 [Google Scholar]
  54. Gao, F., Wang, L., Pearson, W. J., et al. 2020, A&A, 637, A94 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  55. Gardner, J. P., Mather, J. C., Clampin, M., et al. 2006, Space Sci. Rev., 123, 485 [Google Scholar]
  56. Goldberger, J., Hinton, G. E., Roweis, S., & Salakhutdinov, R. R. 2004, in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, eds. L. Saul, Y. Weiss, & L. Bottou, (MIT Press), 17 [Google Scholar]
  57. Guzmán-Ortega, A., Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Snyder, G. F., Chamberlain, K., & Hernquist, L. 2023, MNRAS, 519, 4920 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  58. Halko, N., Martinsson, P. G., & Tropp, J. A. 2011, SIAM Rev., 53, 217 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  59. Hani, M. H., Gosain, H., Ellison, S. L., Patton, D. R., & Torrey, P. 2020, MNRAS, 493, 3716 [Google Scholar]
  60. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. 2016, in 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 770 [Google Scholar]
  61. He, C., Xu, C., Lisenfeld, U., et al. 2024, Res. Astron. Astrophys., 24, 055005 [Google Scholar]
  62. Holwerda, B. W., Kelvin, L., Baldry, I., et al. 2019, AJ, 158, 103 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  63. Holwerda, B. W., Robertson, C., Cook, K., et al. 2024, PASA, 41, e115 [Google Scholar]
  64. Hopkins, P. F., Cox, T. J., Hernquist, L., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 1901 [Google Scholar]
  65. Hopkins, P. F., Wetzel, A., Kereš, D., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 480, 800 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  66. Hwang, H. S., Elbaz, D., Dickinson, M., et al. 2011, A&A, 535, A60 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  67. Hwang, H. S., Park, C., Elbaz, D., & Choi, Y. Y. 2012, A&A, 538, A15 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  68. Ivezić, Ž., Kahn, S. M., Tyson, J. A., et al. 2019, ApJ, 873, 111 [Google Scholar]
  69. Keel, W. C., Kennicutt, R. C., Jr, Hummel, E., & van der Hulst, J. M. 1985, AJ, 90, 708 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  70. Kennicutt, R. C., Jr 1983, ApJ, 272, 54 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  71. Kingma, D. P., & Ba, J. 2015, in 3rd InternationalConference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2015, San Diego, CA, USA, May 7–9, 2015, Conference Track Proceedings, eds. Y. Bengio, & Y. LeCun [Google Scholar]
  72. Knapen, J. H., Cisternas, M., & Querejeta, M. 2015, MNRAS, 454, 1742 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  73. Koppula, S., Bapst, V., Huertas-Company, M., et al. 2021, ArXiv e-prints [arXiv:2102.05182] [Google Scholar]
  74. Kuijken, K. 2011, The Messenger, 146, 8 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  75. Kuijken, K., Heymans, C., Dvornik, A., et al. 2019, A&A, 625, A2 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  76. Kurczynski, P., Gawiser, E., Acquaviva, V., et al. 2016, ApJ, 820, L1 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  77. La Marca, A., Margalef-Bentabol, B., Wang, L., et al. 2024, A&A, 690, A326 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  78. Li, P., Hastie, T. J., & Church, K. W. 2006, in Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, KDD ’06 (New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery), 287 [Google Scholar]
  79. Li, C., Kauffmann, G., Heckman, T. M., Jing, Y. P., & White, S. D. M. 2008, MNRAS, 385, 1903 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  80. Li, F., Rahman, M., Murray, N., et al. 2025, ApJ, 979, 7 [Google Scholar]
  81. Lin, L., Cooper, M. C., Jian, H.-Y., et al. 2010, ApJ, 718, 1158 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  82. Lintott, C. J., Schawinski, K., Slosar, A., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 389, 1179 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  83. Liu, Z., Lin, Y., Cao, Y., et al. 2021, in Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) [Google Scholar]
  84. Lotz, J. M., Primack, J., & Madau, P. 2004, AJ, 128, 163 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  85. Lotz, J. M., Davis, M., Faber, S. M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 672, 177 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  86. Margalef-Bentabol, B., Wang, L., La Marca, A., et al. 2024, A&A, 687, A24 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  87. Marinacci, F., Vogelsberger, M., Pakmor, R., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 480, 5113 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  88. Moreno, J., Torrey, P., Ellison, S. L., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 485, 1320 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  89. Naiman, J. P., Pillepich, A., Springel, V., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 477, 1206 [Google Scholar]
  90. Nair, V., & Hinton, G. E. 2010, Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML’10 (Madison, WI, USA: Omnipress), 807 [Google Scholar]
  91. Nelson, D., Pillepich, A., Springel, V., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 475, 624 [Google Scholar]
  92. Noeske, K. G., Weiner, B. J., Faber, S. M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 660, L43 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  93. Patton, D. R., Torrey, P., Ellison, S. L., Mendel, J. T., & Scudder, J. M. 2013, MNRAS, 433, L59 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  94. Pearson, W. J., Wang, L., Alpaslan, M., et al. 2019a, A&A, 631, A51 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  95. Pearson, W. J., Wang, L., Trayford, J. W., Petrillo, C. E., & van der Tak, F. F. S. 2019b, A&A, 626, A49 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  96. Pearson, W. J., Suelves, L. E., Ho, S. C. C., et al. 2022, A&A, 661, A52 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  97. Pearson, W. J., Pistis, F., Figueira, M., et al. 2023, A&A, 679, A35 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  98. Pearson, W. J., Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Kruk, S., & Margalef-Bentabol, B. 2024, A&A, 687, A45 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  99. Peng, Y.-J., Lilly, S. J., Kovač, K., et al. 2010, ApJ, 721, 193 [Google Scholar]
  100. Petersson, J., Renaud, F., Agertz, O., Dekel, A., & Duc, P.-A. 2023, MNRAS, 518, 3261 [Google Scholar]
  101. Pillepich, A., Nelson, D., Hernquist, L., et al. 2018a, MNRAS, 475, 648 [Google Scholar]
  102. Pillepich, A., Springel, V., Nelson, D., et al. 2018b, MNRAS, 473, 4077 [Google Scholar]
  103. Planck Collaboration XIII. 2016, A&A, 594, A13 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  104. Popesso, P., Concas, A., Cresci, G., et al. 2023, MNRAS, 519, 1526 [Google Scholar]
  105. Reeves, A. M. M., & Hudson, M. J. 2024, MNRAS, 527, 2037 [Google Scholar]
  106. Renaud, F., Segovia Otero, Á., & Agertz, O. 2022, MNRAS, 516, 4922 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  107. Robotham, A. S. G., Driver, S. P., Davies, L. J. M., et al. 2014, MNRAS, 444, 3986 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  108. Rodrigues, M., Puech, M., Flores, H., Hammer, F., & Pirzkal, N. 2018, MNRAS, 475, 5133 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  109. Rodríguez Montero, F., Davé, R., Wild, V., Anglés-Alcázar, D., & Narayanan, D. 2019, MNRAS, 490, 2139 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  110. Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Genel, S., Vogelsberger, M., et al. 2015, MNRAS, 449, 49 [Google Scholar]
  111. Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Snyder, G. F., Lotz, J. M., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 483, 4140 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  112. Rupke, D. S. N., Kewley, L. J., & Barnes, J. E. 2010, ApJ, 710, L156 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  113. Rutherford, T. H., van de Sande, J., Croom, S. M., et al. 2024, MNRAS, 529, 810 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  114. Santos, D. J. D., Goto, T., Kim, S. J., et al. 2021, MNRAS, 507, 3070 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  115. Schartmann, M., Meisenheimer, K., Camenzind, M., Wolf, S., & Henning, T. 2005, A&A, 437, 861 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  116. Scudder, J. M., Ellison, S. L., Torrey, P., Patton, D. R., & Mendel, J. T. 2012, MNRAS, 426, 549 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  117. Shah, E. A., Kartaltepe, J. S., Magagnoli, C. T., et al. 2022, ApJ, 940, 4 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  118. Shirley, R., Roehlly, Y., Hurley, P. D., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 490, 634 [Google Scholar]
  119. Silva, A., Marchesini, D., Silverman, J. D., et al. 2021, ApJ, 909, 124 [Google Scholar]
  120. Silverman, J. D., Kampczyk, P., Jahnke, K., et al. 2011, ApJ, 743, 2 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  121. Snyder, G. F., Lotz, J., Moody, C., et al. 2015, MNRAS, 451, 4290 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  122. Snyder, G. F., Rodriguez-Gomez, V., Lotz, J. M., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 486, 3702 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  123. Somerville, R. S., & Davé, R. 2015, ARA&A, 53, 51 [Google Scholar]
  124. Sparre, M., Whittingham, J., Damle, M., et al. 2022, MNRAS, 509, 2720 [Google Scholar]
  125. Speagle, J. S., Steinhardt, C. L., Capak, P. L., & Silverman, J. D. 2014, ApJS, 214, 15 [Google Scholar]
  126. Springel, V., White, S. D. M., Jenkins, A., et al. 2005, Nature, 435, 629 [Google Scholar]
  127. Springel, V., Pakmor, R., Pillepich, A., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 475, 676 [Google Scholar]
  128. Suelves, L. E., Pearson, W. J., & Pollo, A. 2023, A&A, 669, A141 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  129. Taranu, D. S., Dubinski, J., & Yee, H. K. C. 2013, ApJ, 778, 61 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  130. Taylor, E. N., Hopkins, A. M., Baldry, I. K., et al. 2011, MNRAS, 418, 1587 [Google Scholar]
  131. Tenenbaum, J. B., de Silva, V., & Langford, J. C. 2000, Science, 290, 2319 [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  132. Virtanen, P., Gommers, R., Oliphant, T. E., et al. 2020, Nat. Methods, 17, 261 [Google Scholar]
  133. Walmsley, M., Ferguson, A. M. N., Mann, R. G., & Lintott, C. J. 2019, MNRAS, 483, 2968 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  134. Wang, L., Pearson, W. J., & Rodriguez-Gomez, V. 2020, A&A, 644, A87 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  135. Weaver, J. R., Davidzon, I., Toft, S., et al. 2023, A&A, 677, A184 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  136. Weinberger, R., Springel, V., Hernquist, L., et al. 2017, MNRAS, 465, 3291 [Google Scholar]
  137. Weston, M. E., McIntosh, D. H., Brodwin, M., et al. 2017, MNRAS, 464, 3882 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  138. Wilkinson, S., Ellison, S. L., Bottrell, C., et al. 2024, MNRAS, 528, 5558 [Google Scholar]
  139. Wright, A. H., Robotham, A. S. G., Bourne, N., et al. 2016, MNRAS, 460, 765 [Google Scholar]
  140. Wright, A. H., Hildebrandt, H., Kuijken, K., et al. 2019, A&A, 632, A34 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.