| Issue |
A&A
Volume 700, August 2025
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Article Number | L19 | |
| Number of page(s) | 5 | |
| Section | Letters to the Editor | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555826 | |
| Published online | 20 August 2025 | |
Letter to the Editor
Effect of magnetic field inclination on black hole jet power and particle acceleration
1
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
2
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
⋆ Corresponding author: enzo.figueiredo@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr
Received:
5
June
2025
Accepted:
21
July
2025
Rotating black holes are known to launch relativistic jets and accelerate particles if they accrete a magnetized plasma. It remains unclear, however, how the global magnetic field orientation affects the jet powering efficiency. We propose the first kinetic study of a collisionless plasma around a Kerr black hole embedded in a magnetic field that is inclined with respect to the black hole spin axis. Using three-dimensional general relativistic particle-in-cell simulations, we show that while oblique magnetic field configurations significantly reduce the jet power, particle acceleration still remains highly efficient. This suggests that black holes producing a weak jet might still be bright sources of nonthermal radiation and cosmic rays.
Key words: acceleration of particles / black hole physics / plasmas / methods: numerical
© The Authors 2025
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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