Euclid: Early Release Observations of ram-pressure stripping in the Perseus cluster

Detection of parsec-scale star formation within the low surface brightness stripped tails of UGC 2665 and MCG +07-07-070^⋆

¹ University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics, Scheinerstrasse 1 81679 Munich, Germany
² Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
³ Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁴ Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1 81679 München, Germany
⁵ Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France
⁶ School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
⁷ INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁸ Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala II Block, Bangalore 560034, India
⁹ Department of Physics and Electronics, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560029, India
¹⁰ Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
¹¹ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
¹² Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
¹³ Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9 9000 Gent, Belgium
¹⁴ Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
¹⁵ Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Schellingstrasse 4 80799 Munich, Germany
¹⁶ Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, UMR 9189 CRIStAL, 59000 Lille, France
¹⁷ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
¹⁸ Space physics and astronomy research unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1 FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
¹⁹ ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
²⁰ School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
²¹ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28 20122 Milano, Italy
²² IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2 34151 Trieste, Italy
²³ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11 34143 Trieste, Italy
²⁴ INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2 34127 Trieste TS, Italy
²⁵ SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265 34136 Trieste, TS, Italy
²⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2 40129 Bologna, Italy
²⁷ INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 40127 Bologna, Italy
²⁸ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5 35122, Padova, Italy
²⁹ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
³⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33 16146 Genova, Italy
³¹ INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33 16146 Genova, Italy
³² Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6 80126 Napoli, Italy
³³ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16 80131 Napoli, Italy
³⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas PT4150-762, Porto, Portugal
³⁵ Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre 4150-007, Porto, Portugal
³⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1 10125 Torino, Italy
³⁷ INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1 10125 Torino, Italy
³⁸ European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
³⁹ Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
⁴⁰ INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12 20133 Milano, Italy
⁴¹ Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40 28040 Madrid, Spain
⁴² Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
⁴³ Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
⁴⁴ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
⁴⁵ INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6 80126 Napoli, Italy
⁴⁶ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
⁴⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁴⁸ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía Láctea 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁴⁹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁵⁰ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
⁵¹ European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
⁵² Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
⁵³ Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1 08028 Barcelona, Spain
⁵⁴ Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23 08010 Barcelona, Spain
⁵⁵ UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi 69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁵⁶ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
⁵⁷ Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande PT1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
⁵⁸ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal
⁵⁹ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁶⁰ INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100 00100 Roma, Italy
⁶¹ INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8 35131 Padova, Italy
⁶² Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
⁶³ Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, Via del Politecnico snc 00133 Roma, Italy
⁶⁴ School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
⁶⁵ Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1 85748 Garching, Germany
⁶⁶ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern 0315 Oslo, Norway
⁶⁷ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
⁶⁸ Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
⁶⁹ Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17 69181 Leimen, Germany
⁷⁰ Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
⁷¹ Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Denmark
⁷² Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago 75014 Paris, France
⁷³ Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
⁷⁴ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
⁷⁵ Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁷⁶ Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
⁷⁷ Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁷⁸ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
⁷⁹ Laboratoire d’etude de l’Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France
⁸⁰ SKA Observatory, Jodrell Bank, Lower Withington, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK11 9FT, UK
⁸¹ Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
⁸² Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16 20133 Milano, Italy
⁸³ , Via Celoria 16 20133 Milano, Italy
⁸⁴ Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁸⁵ INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi 00185 Roma, Italy
⁸⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/2 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁸⁷ Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
⁸⁸ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229 06304 Nice cedex 4, France
⁸⁹ Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
⁹⁰ CNRS-UCB International Research Laboratory, Centre Pierre Binétruy, IRL2007, CPB-IN2P3, Berkeley, USA
⁹¹ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago 75014 Paris, France
⁹² Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁹³ Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada 28692 Madrid, Spain
⁹⁴ Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, (Barcelona), Spain
⁹⁵ School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Herschel Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
⁹⁶ DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
⁹⁷ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
⁹⁸ Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
⁹⁹ Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
¹⁰⁰ Institute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov 077125, Romania
¹⁰¹ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Calle Serrano 117 28006 Madrid, Spain
¹⁰² Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
¹⁰³ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8 35131 Padova, Italy
¹⁰⁴ Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
¹⁰⁵ Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin 31400 Toulouse, France
¹⁰⁶ Université St Joseph; Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
¹⁰⁷ Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile
¹⁰⁸ Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
¹⁰⁹ Satlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld 48940, Leioa-Bilbao, Spain
¹¹⁰ Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n 08193 Barcelona, Spain
¹¹¹ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda 1349-018, Lisboa, Portugal
¹¹² Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Denmark
¹¹³ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
¹¹⁴ Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1 30202 Cartagena, Spain
¹¹⁵ INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46 40126 Bologna, Italy
¹¹⁶ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
¹¹⁷ INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101 40129 Bologna, Italy
¹¹⁸ Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
¹¹⁹ ICL, Junia, Université Catholique de Lille, LITL, 59000 Lille, France

^⋆⋆ Corresponding author: Koshy.George@physik.lmu.de

Received: 28 March 2025
Accepted: 28 May 2025

Abstract

Euclid is delivering optical and near-infrared imaging data over 14 000 deg² on the sky at spatial resolution and surface brightness levels that can be used to understand the morphological transformation of galaxies within groups and clusters. Using the Early Release Observations (ERO) of the Perseus cluster, we demonstrate the capability offered by Euclid in studying the nature of perturbations for galaxies in clusters. Filamentary structures are observed along the discs of two spiral galaxies, UGC 2665 and MCG +07-07-070, with no extended diffuse emission expected from tidal interactions at surface brightness levels of ∼30 mag arcsec⁻². The detected features exhibit a good correspondence in morphology between optical and near-infrared wavelengths, with a surface brightness of ∼25 mag arcsec⁻², and the knots within the features have sizes of ∼ 100 pc, as observed through I_E imaging. Using the Euclid, CFHT, UVIT, and LOFAR 144 MHz radio continuum observations, we conducted a detailed analysis to understand the origin of the detected features. We constructed the Euclid I_E−Y_E, Y_E−H_E, and CFHT u − r, g − i colour-colour plane and show that these features contain recent star formation events, which are also indicated by their Hα and NUV emissions. Euclid colours alone are insufficient for studying stellar population ages in unresolved star-forming regions, which require multi-wavelength optical imaging data. There are features with red colours that can be explained by dust being stripped along with the gas in these regions. The morphological shape, orientation, and mean age of the stellar population, combined with the presence of extended radio continuum cometary tails can be consistently explained if these features formed during a recent ram-pressure stripping event. This result further confirms the exceptional qualities of Euclid in the study of galaxy evolution in dense environments.