Variational autoencoder used to further reduce the latent spaces produced by the networks illustrated in Figs. 2–4 (the green, orange, and purple rectangles) to a latent space of dimension 2, providing the coordinates (λ₁, λ₂) that are used for the interpretation in Section 9. Apart from the location in the 3K = 15-dimensional latent space, the VAE also receives the standard deviation of the G light curve, the colour estimate $\overline{G_{\mathrm{B}\mathrm{P}}}-\overline{G_{\mathrm{R}\mathrm{P}}}$, and the (logarithm of) the main frequency, f₁, in the Lomb-Scargle periodogram. The explanation of the ANN is similar to the one in Fig. 2.