CE-5 olivine and pyroxene grains were used for H⁺ irradiation experiments. The numbers at the middle of the marks represent the fayalite (Fa) and ferrosilate (Fs) values for olivine and pyroxene, respectively. ‘H’ represents the samples that were irradiated at a higher temperature, about 87±2°C, equating to the highest temperature of the CE-5 landing site, while ‘R’ means the samples were irradiated at room temperature. The green rectangles, red dots, and orange strips show the analysis locations of the FTIR and Raman, as well as the extraction sites of the FIB foil, respectively. Ol: Olivine; Px: pyroxene.