Atmospheric composition and circulation of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b with joint NIRPS, HARPS and CRIRES+ transit spectroscopy

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Volume 703 (November 2025)

A&A, 703 (2025) A251

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Table 4

Prior and posterior planetary parameter distributions obtained with juliet for WASP-121.

Parameter	Prior	Posterior
$μ_{C O R A L I E 1} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\mu_{CORALIE1}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$U (18928.81, 76823.52)$ $\mathcal{U}(18928.81,76823.52)$	${38124.08}_{- 17.27}^{+ 16.63}$ ${\ensuremath{38124.08^{+16.63}_{-17.27}}}$
$σ_{w, C O R A L I E 1} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{w,CORALIE1}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$J (0.001, 100)$ $\mathcal{J}(0.001,100)$	${0.45}_{- 0.44}^{+ 7.47}$ ${\ensuremath{0.45^{+7.47}_{-0.44}}}$
$μ_{C O R A L I E 2} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\mu_{CORALIE2}}$ \dotfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$U (19047.03, 77104.58)$ $\mathcal{U}(19047.03,77104.58)$	${38336.67}_{- 19.88}^{+ 18.54}$ ${\ensuremath{38336.67^{+18.54}_{-19.88}}}$
$σ_{w, C O R A L I E 2} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{w,CORALIE2}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$J (0.001, 100)$ $\mathcal{J}(0.001,100)$	${0.63}_{- 0.60}^{+ 7.78}$ ${\ensuremath{0.63^{+7.78}_{-0.60}}}$
$μ_{E S P R E S S O 1} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\mu_{ESPRESSO1}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$U (19032.28, 76495.73)$ $\mathcal{U}(19032.28,76495.73)$	${38167.08}_{- 2.66}^{+ 3.44}$ ${\ensuremath{38167.08^{+3.44}_{-2.66}}}$
$σ_{w, E S P R E S S O 1} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{w,ESPRESSO1}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$J (0.001, 100)$ $\mathcal{J}(0.001,100)$	${8.73}_{- 3.33}^{+ 3.80}$ ${\ensuremath{8.73^{+3.80}_{-3.33}}}$
$μ_{E S P R E S S O 2} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\mu_{ESPRESSO2}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$U (19041.41, 76296.34)$ $\mathcal{U}(19041.41,76296.34)$	${38180.49}_{- 3.25}^{+ 2.90}$ ${\ensuremath{38180.49^{+2.90}_{-3.25}}}$
$σ_{w, E S P R E S S O 2} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{w,ESPRESSO2}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$J (0.001, 100)$ $\mathcal{J}(0.001,100)$	${2.77}_{- 1.06}^{+ 1.85}$ ${\ensuremath{2.77^{+1.85}_{-1.06}}}$
$μ_{E S P R E S S O 3} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\mu_{ESPRESSO3}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$U (18944.17, 76794.85)$ $\mathcal{U}(18944.17,76794.85)$	${38250.81}_{- 1812.77}^{+ 1889.35}$ ${\ensuremath{38250.81^{+1889.35}_{-1812.77}}}$
$σ_{w, E S P R E S S O 3} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{w,ESPRESSO3}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$J (0.001, 100)$ $\mathcal{J}(0.001,100)$	${38.27}_{- 4.08}^{+ 4.30}$ ${\ensuremath{38.27^{+4.30}_{-4.08}}}$
$μ_{E S P R E S S O 4} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\mu_{ESPRESSO4}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$U (18938.14, 76776.31)$ $\mathcal{U}(18938.14,76776.31)$	${38130.07}_{- 32.04}^{+ 38.19}$ ${\ensuremath{38130.07^{+38.19}_{-32.04}}}$
$σ_{w, E S P R E S S O 4} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{w,ESPRESSO4}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$J (0.001, 100)$ $\mathcal{J}(0.001,100)$	${0.34}_{- 0.29}^{+ 0.89}$ ${\ensuremath{0.34^{+0.89}_{-0.29}}}$
$μ_{E S P R E S S O 5} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\mu_{ESPRESSO5}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$U (10219.46, 41957.50)$ $\mathcal{U}(10219.46,41957.50)$	${20526.92}_{- 21.74}^{+ 21.14}$ ${\ensuremath{20526.92^{+21.14}_{-21.74}}}$
$σ_{w, E S P R E S S O 5} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{w,ESPRESSO5}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$J (0.001, 100)$ $\mathcal{J}(0.001,100)$	${79.73}_{- 11.82}^{+ 11.85}$ ${\ensuremath{79.73^{+11.85}_{-11.82}}}$
$μ_{H A R P S} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\mu_{HARPS}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$U (19041.74, 77090.00)$ $\mathcal{U}(19041.74,77090.00)$	${38342.13}_{- 16.40}^{+ 21.53}$ ${\ensuremath{38342.13^{+21.53}_{-16.40}}}$
$σ_{w, H A R P S} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{w,HARPS}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$J (0.001, 100)$ $\mathcal{J}(0.001,100)$	${0.013}_{- 0.010}^{+ 0.091}$ ${\ensuremath{0.013^{+0.091}_{-0.010}}}$
$μ_{N I R P S 1} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\mu_{NIRPS1}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$U (19122.74, 77361.06)$ $\mathcal{U}(19122.74,77361.06)$	${35802.25}_{- 2399.00}^{+ 2208.72}$ ${\ensuremath{35802.25^{+2208.72}_{-2399.00}}}$
$σ_{w, N I R P S 1} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{w,NIRPS1}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$J (0.001, 100)$ $\mathcal{J}(0.001,100)$	${0.37}_{- 0.37}^{+ 8.85}$ ${\ensuremath{0.37^{+8.85}_{-0.37}}}$
$μ_{N I R P S 2} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\mu_{NIRPS2}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$U (19053.58, 77764.47)$ $\mathcal{U}(19053.58,77764.47)$	${38366.56}_{- 1089.14}^{+ 1148.79}$ ${\ensuremath{38366.56^{+1148.79}_{-1089.14}}}$
$σ_{w, N I R P S 2} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{w,NIRPS2}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$J (0.001, 100)$ $\mathcal{J}(0.001,100)$	${48.09}_{- 5.72}^{+ 6.44}$ ${\ensuremath{48.09^{+6.44}_{-5.72}}}$
$P_{b} [d]$ $$\mathrm{P_{b}}$ \hfill [d]$	$N (1.27492504, 0.001)$ $\mathcal{N}(1.27492504,0.001)$	${1.274924803}_{- 0.000000040}^{+ 0.000000039}$ ${\ensuremath{1.274924803^{+0.000000039}_{-0.000000040}}}$
$t_{0, p 1} [B J D]$ $$\mathrm{t_{0,p1}}$ \hfill [BJD]$	$N (2458119.72074, 0.01)$ $\mathcal{N}(2458119.72074,0.01)$	${2458119.720725}_{- 0.000047}^{+ 0.000048}$ ${\ensuremath{2458119.720725^{+0.000048}_{-0.000047}}}$
$K_{b} [m s^{- 1}]$ $$\mathrm{K_{b}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{m \, s^{-1}}$]$	$U (0, 1000)$ $\mathcal{U}(0,1000)$	${167.97}_{- 6.98}^{+ 5.78}$ ${\ensuremath{167.97^{+5.78}_{-6.98}}}$
$ρ_{} [k g m^{- 3}]$ $$\mathrm{\rho_{}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{kg \, m^{-3}}$]$	$J (100, 10 000)$ $\mathcal{J}(100,10\,000)$	${642.64}_{- 4.91}^{+ 4.47}$ ${\ensuremath{642.64^{+4.47}_{-4.91}}}$
$p_{b}$ $$\mathrm{p_{b}}$ \hfill$	$N (0.12355, 0.1)$ $\mathcal{N}(0.12355,0.1)$	${1.274924803}_{- 0.000000040}^{+ 0.000000039}$ ${\ensuremath{1.274924803^{+0.000000039}_{-0.000000040}}}$
$b_{b}$ $$\mathrm{b_{b}}$ \hfill$	$N (0.1, 0.1)$ $\mathcal{N}(0.1,0.1)$	${0.085}_{- 0.038}^{+ 0.032}$ ${\ensuremath{0.085^{+0.032}_{-0.038}}}$
$q_{1, T E S S}$ $$\mathrm{q_{1,TESS}}$ \hfill$	$U (0, 1)$ $\mathcal{U}(0,1)$	${0.223}_{- 0.017}^{+ 0.018}$ ${\ensuremath{0.223^{+0.018}_{-0.017}}}$
$q_{2, T E S S}$ $$\mathrm{q_{2,TESS}}$ \hfill$	$U (0, 1)$ $\mathcal{U}(0,1)$	${0.230}_{- 0.023}^{+ 0.024}$ ${\ensuremath{0.230^{+0.024}_{-0.023}}}$
$σ_{G P, C O R A L I E 1}$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{GP,CORALIE1}}$ \hfill$	$N (428.64, 82.00)$ $\mathcal{N}(428.64,82.00)$	${94.53}_{- 15.32}^{+ 17.64}$ ${\ensuremath{94.53^{+17.64}_{-15.32}}}$
$ρ_{G P, C O R A L I E 1}$ $$\mathrm{\rho_{GP,CORALIE1}}$ \hfill$	$N (1.60, 0.45)$ $\mathcal{N}(1.60,0.45)$	${1.33}_{- 0.30}^{+ 0.29}$ ${\ensuremath{1.33^{+0.29}_{-0.30}}}$
$σ_{G P, C O R A L I E 2}$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{GP,CORALIE2}}$ \hfill$	$N (238.04, 93.20)$ $\mathcal{N}(238.04,93.20)$	${70.84}_{- 18.93}^{+ 24.46}$ ${\ensuremath{70.84^{+24.46}_{-18.93}}}$
$ρ_{G P, C O R A L I E 2}$ $$\mathrm{\rho_{GP,CORALIE2}}$ \hfill$	$N (0.86, 1.29)$ $\mathcal{N}(0.86,1.29)$	${0.84}_{- 0.46}^{+ 0.55}$ ${\ensuremath{0.84^{+0.55}_{-0.46}}}$
$σ_{G P, E S P R E S S O 3}$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{GP,ESPRESSO3}}$ \hfill$	$N (4935.53, 96.44)$ $\mathcal{N}(4935.53,96.44)$	${4870.80}_{- 84.61}^{+ 81.67}$ ${\ensuremath{4870.80^{+81.67}_{-84.61}}}$
$ρ_{G P, E S P R E S S O 3}$ $$\mathrm{\rho_{GP,ESPRESSO3}}$ \hfill$	$N (0.1008, 0.0014)$ $\mathcal{N}(0.1008,0.0014)$	${0.10201}_{- 0.00069}^{+ 0.00103}$ ${\ensuremath{0.10201^{+0.00103}_{-0.00069}}}$
$σ_{G P, E S P R E S S O 4}$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{GP,ESPRESSO4}}$ \hfill$	$N (831.27, 328.02)$ $\mathcal{N}(831.27,328.02)$	${102.91}_{- 33.07}^{+ 43.93}$ ${\ensuremath{102.91^{+43.93}_{-33.07}}}$
$ρ_{G P, E S P R E S S O 4}$ $$\mathrm{\rho_{GP,ESPRESSO4}}$ \hfill$	$N (1.98, 0.92)$ $\mathcal{N}(1.98,0.92)$	${1.85}_{- 0.56}^{+ 0.69}$ ${\ensuremath{1.85^{+0.69}_{-0.56}}}$
$σ_{G P, H A R P S}$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{GP,HARPS}}$ \hfill$	$N (1035.30, 367.75)$ $\mathcal{N}(1035.30,367.75)$	${60.06}_{- 22.29}^{+ 35.23}$ ${\ensuremath{60.06^{+35.23}_{-22.29}}}$
$ρ_{G P, H A R P S}$ $$\mathrm{\rho_{GP,HARPS}}$ \hfill$	$N (6.38, 2.07)$ $\mathcal{N}(6.38,2.07)$	${2.23}_{- 1.09}^{+ 2.47}$ ${\ensuremath{2.23^{+2.47}_{-1.09}}}$
$σ_{G P, N I R P S 1}$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{GP,NIRPS1}}$ \hfill$	$N (4915.61, 131.51)$ $\mathcal{N}(4915.61,131.51)$	${4770.00}_{- 104.19}^{+ 80.32}$ ${\ensuremath{4770.00^{+80.32}_{-104.19}}}$
$ρ_{G P, N I R P S 1}$ $$\mathrm{\rho_{GP,NIRPS1}}$ \hfill$	$N (0.1011, 0.0017)$ $\mathcal{N}(0.1011,0.0017)$	${0.1019}_{- 0.0013}^{+ 0.0016}$ ${\ensuremath{0.1019^{+0.0016}_{-0.0013}}}$
$σ_{G P, N I R P S 2}$ $$\mathrm{\sigma_{GP,NIRPS2}}$ \hfill$	$N (4987.01, 21.98)$ $\mathcal{N}(4987.01,21.98)$	${4969.42}_{- 16.99}^{+ 13.72}$ ${\ensuremath{4969.42^{+13.72}_{-16.99}}}$
$ρ_{G P, N I R P S 2}$ $$\mathrm{\rho_{GP,NIRPS2}}$ \hfill$	$N (0.10017, 0.00029)$ $\mathcal{N}(0.10017,0.00029)$	${0.10022}_{- 0.00024}^{+ 0.00025}$ ${\ensuremath{0.10022^{+0.00025}_{-0.00024}}}$
$e_{b}$ $$\mathrm{e_{b}}$ \hfill$	$f i x e d$ $\mathrm{fixed}$	$0$ ${\ensuremath{0}}$
$ω_{b} [°]$ $$\mathrm{\omega_{b}}$ \hfill [$\degr$]$	$f i x e d$ $\mathrm{fixed}$	$90$ ${\ensuremath{90}}$
$a_{b} [a u]$ $$\mathrm{a_{b}}$ \hfill [au]$	-	$0.0255 \pm 0.0005$ ${\ensuremath{0.0255 \pm 0.0005}}$
$i_{b} [°]$ $$\mathrm{i_{b}}$ \hfill [$\degr$]$	-	$88.7 \pm 0.58$ ${\ensuremath{88.7 \pm 0.58}}$
$T_{14, b} [h]$ $$\mathrm{T_{14,b}}$ \hfill [h]$	-	$2.94 \pm 0.09$ ${\ensuremath{2.94 \pm 0.09}}$
$M_{b} [M_{J}]$ $$\mathrm{M_{b}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{M_{J}}$]$	-	$1.1 \pm 0.06$ ${\ensuremath{1.1 \pm 0.06}}$
$R_{b} [R_{J}]$ $$\mathrm{R_{b}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{R_{J}}$]$	-	$1.72 \pm 0.04$ ${\ensuremath{1.72 \pm 0.04}}$
$ρ_{b} [g c m^{- 3}]$ $$\mathrm{\rho_{b}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{g \, cm^{-3}}$]$	-	$0.27 \pm 0.02$ ${\ensuremath{0.27 \pm 0.02}}$
$T_{e q, b} [K]$ $$\mathrm{T_{eq,b}}$ \hfill [K]$	-	$2333.0 \pm 59.0$ ${\ensuremath{2333.0 \pm 59.0}}$
$S_{b} [S_{e}]$ $$\mathrm{S_{b}}$ \hfill [$\mathrm{S_{e}}$]$	-	$897.1 \pm 38.0$ ${\ensuremath{897.1 \pm 38.0}}$

Notes. Top: fitted parameters. Bottom: derived orbital parameters and physical parameters.

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