Atmospheric composition and circulation of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-121b with joint NIRPS, HARPS and CRIRES+ transit spectroscopy

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Volume 703 (November 2025)

A&A, 703 (2025) A251

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Table 5

WASP-121b SCARLET atmospheric posteriors from the retrieval analysis on the HARPS, NIRPS, and CRIRES+ time series combined.

Parameters	Description	Value	Prior range
log₁₀Fe	Volume mixing ratio of iron	$- {6.33}_{- 0.40}^{+ 0.99}$ $-6.33^{+0.99}_{-0.40}$	U(−12, 0)
log₁₀V	Volume mixing ratio of vanadium	$- {9.89}_{- 0.53}^{+ 0.52}$ $-9.89^{+0.52}_{-0.53}$	U(−12, 0)
log₁₀H⁻	Volume mixing ratio of hydride	$- {10.31}_{- 0.60}^{+ 0.71}$ $-10.31^{+0.71}_{-0.60}$	U(−12, 0)
log₁₀e⁻	Volume mixing ratio of electrons	$- {6.08}_{- 3.67}^{+ 3.22}$ $-6.08^{+3.22}_{-3.67}$	U(−12, 0)
log₁₀H₂O	Volume mixing ratio of water vapour	$- {6.52}_{- 0.68}^{+ 0.49}$ $-6.52^{+0.49}_{-0.68}$	U(−12, 0)
log₁₀CO	Volume mixing ratio of carbon monoxide	$- {5.29}_{- 0.87}^{+ 0.69}$ $-5.29^{+0.69}_{-0.87}$	U(−12, 0)
log₁₀TiO	Volume mixing ratio titanium oxide	$- {11.18}_{- 0.41}^{+ 0.66}$ $-11.18^{+0.66}_{-0.41}$	U(−12, 0)
log₁₀OH	Volume mixing ratio of hydroxil	$- {8.22}_{- 2.52}^{+ 1.24}$ $-8.22^{+1.24}_{-2.52}$	U(−12, 0)
T [K]	Atmospheric temperature	2828$^{+691}_{-238}$	U(100, 6000)
K_p [km/s]	Planet velocity semi-amplitude	202.99$^{+2.84}_{-2.92}$	U(156, 276)
V_sys [km/s]	Systemic velocity	${31.96}_{- 0.69}^{+ 0.71}$ $31.96^{+0.71}_{-0.69}$	U(18, 58)
FWHM [km/s]	Rotational broadening FWHM	${6.20}_{- 1.67}^{+ 1.40}$ $6.20^{+1.40}_{-1.67}$	U(0, 20)
log(H⁻/Fe)	Relative abundance	$- {3.98}_{- 1.14}^{+ 0.81}$ $-3.98^{+0.81}_{-1.14}$	—
log(V/Fe)	Relative abundance	$- {3.56}_{- 1.11}^{+ 0.66}$ $-3.56^{+0.66}_{-1.11}$	—
log(CO/Fe)	Relative abundance	${1.04}_{- 1.32}^{+ 0.80}$ $1.04^{+0.80}_{-1.32}$	—
log(H₂O/CO)	Relative abundance	$- {1.23}_{- 0.97}^{+ 1.00}$ $-1.23^{+1.00}_{-0.97}$	—

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