Comparisons between T_e derived from [S II], [O II], [N II], [S III], and [O III]. Each dot represents the data from a stacked spectrum of a certain metallicity–ionization parameter bin. The gray error bars correspond to 1 σ uncertainties of the temperature measurements. The dashed red line in each panel shows the 1:1 line. The dashed gray, orange, cyan, and black lines represent previous T–T relations from Zurita et al. (2021) (Z21), Berg et al. (2020) (B20), Méndez-Delgado et al. (2023a) (MD23), and Garnett (1992) (G92). The color of each dot represents its theoretical strong-line metallicity.