Exploring the cosmic microwave background dipole direction using gamma-ray bursts

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Volume 703 (November 2025)

A&A, 703 (2025) A115

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Table 2.

Best-fit parameters and 1σ errors of a, b, σ_ex, and Ω_m for the mock GRB catalogs in different directions across the sky.

Correlation	Direction	(α, δ)	Hemisphere	a	b	σ_ex	Ω_m	σ
E_p − E_iso	Δa_max	(252° ,30° )	N	$50 . 82_{- 0.24}^{+ 0.24}$ $50.82^{+0.24}_{-0.24}$	1.11	0.41	$0 . 04_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.23}$ $0.04^{+0.23}_{-0.04}$	1.85
			S	$50 . 29_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.19}$ $50.29^{+0.19}_{-0.19}$	1.11	0.41	$0 . 70_{- 0.25}^{+ 0.25}$ $0.70^{+0.25}_{-0.25}$
	CMB	(168° , − 7° )	N	$50 . 31_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.21}$ $50.31^{+0.21}_{-0.21}$	1.11	0.41	$0 . 70_{- 0.28}^{+ 0.28}$ $0.70^{+0.28}_{-0.28}$	−0.46
			S	$50 . 36_{- 0.22}^{+ 0.22}$ $50.36^{+0.22}_{-0.22}$	1.11	0.41	$0 . 28_{- 0.28}^{+ 0.28}$ $0.28^{+0.28}_{-0.28}$
L₀ − E_p − T	Δa_max	(240° ,18° )	N	$49 . 86_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.15}$ $49.86^{+0.15}_{-0.15}$	0.79	0.37	$0 . 04_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.12}$ $0.04^{+0.12}_{-0.04}$	1.81
			S	$49 . 36_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.12}$ $49.36^{+0.12}_{-0.12}$	0.79	0.37	$0 . 65_{- 0.20}^{+ 0.20}$ $0.65^{+0.20}_{-0.20}$
	CMB	(168° , − 7° )	N	$49 . 81_{- 0.17}^{+ 0.17}$ $49.81^{+0.17}_{-0.17}$	0.79	0.37	$0 . 05_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.15}$ $0.05^{+0.15}_{-0.15}$	1.24
			S	$49 . 37_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.15}$ $49.37^{+0.15}_{-0.15}$	0.79	0.37	$0 . 51_{- 0.24}^{+ 0.24}$ $0.51^{+0.24}_{-0.24}$

Notes. Best-fit parameters and 1σ errors are obtained for the maximum Δa and the CMB dipole directions. We indicate the equatorial coordinates (α, δ) and the associated significance σ only for the N hemisphere. The parameters b and σ_ex do not exhibit errors as they are fixed to the whole-sky values from Table 1. The correlation of the whole sample holds in each hemisphere.

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