Multifrequency study of three giant radio galaxies with recurrent jet-formation activity: J1021+1216, J1528+0544, and J2345–0449 - II. Spectral aging analysis and dynamical modeling

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Volume 704 (December 2025)

A&A, 704 (2025) A285

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Table 1.

Basic lobe parameters and the results of spectral age modeling.

Lobe	V [cm³]	L_radio [erg s⁻¹]^a	B [μG]	Model	χ_red²^b	α_inj^b
J1021+1216
Outer eastern	(3.4 ± 1.7)⋅10⁷²	(1.19 ± 0.14)⋅10⁴¹	0.37 ± 0.12	JP	1.65	$0 . 66_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.11}$ $0.66_{-0.11}^{+0.11}$
Outer western	(3.2 ± 1.6)⋅10⁷²	(5.75 ± 0.11)⋅10⁴⁰	0.3 ± 0.1	JP	1.21	$0 . 64_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.13}$ $0.64_{-0.18}^{+0.13}$
Inner eastern	(3.6 ± 1.8)⋅10⁷⁰	(1.18 ± 0.12)⋅10⁴¹	1.33 ± 0.43	JP	1.07	$0 . 49_{- 0.27}^{+ 0.14}$ $0.49_{-0.27}^{+0.14}$
Inner western	(6.5 ± 3.3)⋅10⁷⁰	(1.97 ± 0.22)⋅10⁴¹	1.31 ± 0.42	JP	1.23	$0 . 47_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.14}$ $0.47_{-0.2}^{+0.14}$
Core extension	(2.1 ± 1.1)⋅10⁶⁹	(2.07 ± 0.41)⋅10⁴⁰	1.83 ± 0.61	CI	2.66	$0 . 59_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $0.59_{-0.03}^{+0.03}$

J1528+0544
Outer eastern	(3.6 ± 1.8)⋅10⁷¹	(8.05 ± 0.81)⋅10⁴⁰	0.62 ± 0.19	JP	0.91	$0 . 39_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.15}$ $0.39_{-0.19}^{+0.15}$
Outer western	(2.1 ± 1.0)⋅10⁷¹	(8.99 ± 0.91)⋅10⁴⁰	0.75 ± 0.24	JP	0.98	$0 . 41_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.15}$ $0.41_{-0.21}^{+0.15}$
Inner eastern	(2.1 ± 1.0)⋅10⁶⁶	(9.06 ± 0.91)⋅10³⁹	10.5 ± 3.4	CI	0.10	$0 . 62_{- 0.24}^{+ 0.28}$ $0.62_{-0.24}^{+0.28}$
Inner western	(2.2 ± 1.1)⋅10⁶⁶	(7.83 ± 0.78)⋅10³⁹	9.8 ± 3.1	CI	0.13	$0 . 71_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.18}$ $0.71_{-0.4}^{+0.18}$

J2345–0449
Outer northern	(6.8 ± 3.4)⋅10⁷¹	(9.6 ± 1.0)⋅10⁴⁰	0.55 ± 0.18	JP	1.04	$0 . 57_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.14}$ $0.57_{-0.21}^{+0.14}$
Outer southern	(7.1 ± 3.5)⋅10⁷¹	(7.14 ± 0.79)⋅10⁴⁰	0.50 ± 0.16	JP	1.51	$0 . 51_{- 0.16}^{+ 0.13}$ $0.51_{-0.16}^{+0.13}$
Inner northern	(1.31 ± 0.66)⋅10⁶⁹	(3.63 ± 0.43)⋅10⁴⁰	2.46 ± 0.79	CI	0.37	$0 . 83_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.05}$ $0.83_{-0.11}^{+0.05}$
Inner southern	(1.12 ± 0.56)⋅10⁶⁹	(3.25 ± 0.33)⋅10⁴⁰	2.50 ± 0.8	CI	1.09	$0 . 88_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.06}$ $0.88_{-0.15}^{+0.06}$

Notes.

^(a)

Luminosity integrated from the extrapolated aged radio continuum in the frequency range between 10 MHz and 100 GHz.

^(b)

χ_red² averaged from every separate region in a given lobe. The CI models were fitted to the integrated flux densities (see Fig. 2).

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