Panel (a): Soft X-ray light curves (red: 1–8 Å; blue: 0.5–4 Å) from 04:00 to 08:00 UT on 2024 May 5. The vertical green, sky-blue, and dark blue lines mark the confined C8.4 and C5.5 flares and the eruptive X1.3 flare, respectively. Panels (b)–(d): Composite SDO/AIA 304 Å (red) and 131 Å (blue) images at the peak times of the three flares. Panels (e) and (f): 1600 Å flare-ribbon morphology of the first confined flare and the third eruptive flare, respectively. Panel (g): 3D magnetic field configuration from the data-driven MHD model at 05:00 UT. The green, pink, and cyan lines represent the flux rope, the fan–spine structure, and the surrounding coronal loops, respectively.