EDP Sciences logo
Subscriber Authentication Point
Search
Menu
Home All issues Volume 706 (February 2026) A&A, 706 (2026) A366 References
Open Access
Issue
A&A
Volume 706, February 2026
Article Number A366
Number of page(s) 11
Section Extragalactic astronomy
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202557635
Published online 20 February 2026
  1. Abdo, A. A., Ackermann, M., Agudo, I., et al. 2010, ApJ, 716, 30 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  2. Abe, S., Abhir, J., Acciari, V. A., et al. 2024, A&A, 685, A117 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  3. Abe, K., Abe, S., Abhir, J., et al. 2025, A&A, 694, A195 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  4. Abeysekara, A. U., Benbow, W., Bird, R., et al. 2020, ApJ, 890, 97 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., et al. 2016, A&A, 593, A91 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  6. Ahnen, M. L., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., et al. 2018, A&A, 620, A181 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  7. Aitchinson, J., & Brown, J. A. C. 1963, The Lognormal Distribution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) [Google Scholar]
  8. Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Andrés, A., et al. 2025, ApJ, 980, 88 [Google Scholar]
  9. Arbet-Engels, A., Baack, D., Balbo, M., et al. 2021a, A&A, 647, A88 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  10. Arbet-Engels, A., Baack, D., Balbo, M., et al. 2021b, A&A, 655, A93 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  11. Arnaud, K. A. 1996, ASP Conf. Ser., 101, 17 [Google Scholar]
  12. Baluev, R. V. 2008, MNRAS, 385, 1279 [Google Scholar]
  13. Bevington, P. R., & Robinson, D. K. 2003, Data Reduction and Error Analysis for the Physical Sciences (New York: McGraw-Hill) [Google Scholar]
  14. Bhatta, G. 2018, Galaxies, 6, 136 [Google Scholar]
  15. Bhatta, G. 2019, MNRAS, 487, 3990 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  16. Bhatta, G. 2021, ApJ, 923, 7 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  17. Bhatta, G., & Dhital, N. 2020, ApJ, 891, 120 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  18. Biteau, J., & Giebels, B. 2012, A&A, 548, A123 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  19. Blandford, R. D., & Rees, M. J. 1974, MNRAS, 169, 395 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  20. Błażejowski, M., Sikora, M., Moderski, R., & Madejski, G. M. 2000, ApJ, 545, 107 [Google Scholar]
  21. Błażejowski, M., Blaylock, G., Bond, I. H., et al. 2005, ApJ, 630, 130 [Google Scholar]
  22. Böttcher, M. 2007, Ap&SS, 307, 69 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  23. Burrows, D. N., Hill, J. E., Nousek, J. A., et al. 2005, Space Sci. Rev., 120, 165 [Google Scholar]
  24. Camenzind, M., & Krockenberger, M. 1992, A&A, 255, 59 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  25. Carnerero, M. I., Raiteri, C. M., Villata, M., et al. 2017, MNRAS, 472, 3789 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  26. Catanese, M., Bradbury, S. M., Breslin, A. C., et al. 1997, ApJ, 487, L143 [Google Scholar]
  27. Cerruti, M. 2020, Galaxies, 8, 72 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  28. Chatterjee, R., Roychowdhury, A., Chandra, S., & Sinha, A. 2018, ApJ, 859, L21 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  29. Chatterjee, R., Das, S., Khasnovis, A., et al. 2021, JApA, 42, 80 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  30. Ciaramella, A., Bongardo, C., Aller, H. D., et al. 2004, A&A, 419, 485 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  31. Cui, W. 2004, ApJ, 605, 662 [Google Scholar]
  32. Dermer, C. D., Schlickeiser, R., & Mastichiadis, A. 1992, A&A, 256, L27 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  33. Devanand, P. U., Gupta, A. C., Jithesh, V., & Wiita, P. J. 2022, ApJ, 939, 80 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  34. Edelson, R. A., & Krolik, J. H. 1988, ApJ, 333, 646 [Google Scholar]
  35. Emmanoulopoulos, D., McHardy, I. M., & Uttley, P. 2010, MNRAS, 404, 931 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  36. Emmanoulopoulos, D., McHardy, I. M., & Papadakis, I. E. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 907 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  37. Fan, J., Rieger, F., Hua, T., et al. 2008, Astropart. Phys., 28, 508 [Google Scholar]
  38. Ghisellini, G., Tavecchio, F., Foschini, L., et al. 2010, MNRAS, 402, 497 [Google Scholar]
  39. Giebels, B., & Degrange, B. 2009, A&A, 503, 797 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  40. Giommi, P., Blustin, A. J., Capalbi, M., et al. 2006, A&A, 456, 911 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  41. Graff, P. B., Georganopoulos, M., Perlman, E. S., & Kazanas, D. 2008, ApJ, 689, 68 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  42. H.E.S.S. Collaboration (Abramowski, A., et al.) 2010, A&A, 520, A83 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  43. H.E.S.S. Collaboration (Abramowski, A., et al.) 2014, A&A, 571, A39 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  44. H.E.S.S. Collaboration (Abdalla, H., et al.) 2017, A&A, 598, A39 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  45. H.E.S.S. Collaboration (Aharonian, F., et al.) 2023, ApJ, 952, L38 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  46. Hayashida, N., Hirasawa, H., Ishikawa, F., et al. 1998, ApJ, 504, L71 [Google Scholar]
  47. HI4PI Collaboration (Ben Bekhti, N., et al.) 2016, A&A, 594, A116 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  48. Kapanadze, B., Dorner, D., Vercellone, S., et al. 2016, ApJ, 831, 102 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  49. Kapanadze, B., Dorner, D., Romano, P., et al. 2017a, ApJ, 848, 103 [Google Scholar]
  50. Kapanadze, B., Dorner, D., Romano, P., et al. 2017b, MNRAS, 469, 1655 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  51. Kapanadze, B., Vercellone, S., Romano, P., et al. 2018a, ApJ, 854, 66 [Google Scholar]
  52. Kapanadze, B., Vercellone, S., Romano, P., et al. 2018b, ApJ, 858, 68 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  53. Kapanadze, B., Gurchumelia, A., Dorner, D., et al. 2020, ApJS, 247, 27 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  54. Kapanadze, B., Gurchumelia, A., & Aller, M. 2023, ApJS, 268, 20 [Google Scholar]
  55. Kapanadze, B., Gurchumelia, A., & Aller, M. 2024, ApJS, 275, 23 [Google Scholar]
  56. Kapanadze, B., Gurchumelia, A., & Aller, M. 2025, Ap&SS, 370, 17 [Google Scholar]
  57. Kirk, J. G., Rieger, F. M., & Mastichiadis, A. 1998, A&A, 333, 452 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  58. Kranich, D., de Jager, O., Kestel, M., et al. 1999, 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 3, 358 [Google Scholar]
  59. Lawrence, A., Watson, M. G., Pounds, K. A., & Elvis, M. 1987, Nature, 325, 694 [Google Scholar]
  60. Li, H. Z., Jiang, Y. G., Guo, D. F., Chen, X., & Yi, T. F. 2016, PASP, 128, 074101 [Google Scholar]
  61. Li, Y. T., Hu, S. M., Jiang, Y. G., et al. 2017, PASP, 129, 014101 [Google Scholar]
  62. Liodakis, I., Marscher, A. P., Agudo, I., et al. 2022, Nature, 611, 677 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  63. Liska, M., Hesp, C., Tchekhovskoy, A., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 474, L81 [Google Scholar]
  64. Lomb, N. R. 1976, Ap&SS, 39, 447 [Google Scholar]
  65. Malkov, M. A., & Drury, L. O. 2001, Rep. Progr. Phys., 64, 429 [Google Scholar]
  66. Mannheim, K. 1993, A&A, 269, 67 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  67. McHardy, I. M., Koerding, E., Knigge, C., Uttley, P., & Fender, R. P. 2006, Nature, 444, 730 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  68. Nishikawa, D., Hayashi, S., Chamoto, N., et al. 1999, 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 3, 354 [Google Scholar]
  69. Otero-Santos, J., Peñil, P., Acosta-Pulido, J. A., et al. 2023, MNRAS, 518, 5788 [Google Scholar]
  70. Padovani, P., & Giommi, P. 1995, ApJ, 444, 567 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  71. Pánis, R., Bhatta, G., Adhikari, T. P., et al. 2025, ApJ, 989, 106 [Google Scholar]
  72. Poole, T. S., Breeveld, A. A., Page, M. J., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 383, 627 [Google Scholar]
  73. Press, W. H. 1978, Comments Astrophys., 7, 103 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  74. Protheroe, R., Bhat, C., Fleury, P., et al. 1998, 25th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 8, 317 [Google Scholar]
  75. Punch, M., Akerlof, C., Cawley, M., et al. 1992, Nature, 358, 477 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  76. Quinn, J., Akerlof, C. W., Biller, S., et al. 1996, ApJ, 456, L83 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  77. Ren, H. X., Cerruti, M., & Sahakyan, N. 2023, A&A, 672, A86 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  78. Rieger, F. M. 2005, Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys., 5, 305 [Google Scholar]
  79. Rieger, F. M. 2019, Galaxies, 7, 28 [Google Scholar]
  80. Rieger, F. M., & Mannheim, K. 2000, A&A, 359, 948 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  81. Roedig, C., Burkart, T., Elbracht, O., & Spanier, F. 2009, A&A, 501, 925 [Google Scholar]
  82. Roming, P. W. A., Kennedy, T. E., Mason, K. O., et al. 2005, Space Sci. Rev., 120, 95 [Google Scholar]
  83. Rutman, J. 1978, Proc. IEEE, 66, 1048 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  84. Sambruna, R. M., Aharonian, F. A., Krawczynski, H., et al. 2000, ApJ, 538, 127 [Google Scholar]
  85. Sandrinelli, A., Covino, S., Treves, A., et al. 2017, A&A, 600, A132 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  86. Scargle, J. D. 1982, ApJ, 263, 835 [Google Scholar]
  87. Scargle, J. D. 2020, ApJ, 895, 90 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  88. Schlafly, E. F., & Finkbeiner, D. P. 2011, ApJ, 737, 103 [Google Scholar]
  89. Schleicher, B., Arbet-Engels, A., Baack, D., et al. 2019, Galaxies, 7, 62 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  90. Schramm, K.-J., Borgeest, U., Camenzind, M., et al. 1993, A&A, 278, 391 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  91. Sikora, M., Begelman, M. C., & Rees, M. J. 1994, ApJ, 421, 153 [Google Scholar]
  92. Simonetti, J. H., Cordes, J. M., & Heeschen, D. S. 1985, ApJ, 296, 46 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  93. Sinha, A., Shukla, A., Saha, L., et al. 2016, A&A, 591, A83 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  94. Sinha, A., Khatoon, R., Misra, R., et al. 2018, MNRAS, 480, L116 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  95. Sokolov, A., Marscher, A. P., & McHardy, I. M. 2004, ApJ, 613, 725 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  96. Stella, L., & Vietri, M. 1998, ApJ, 492, L59 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  97. Tantry, J., Shah, Z., Misra, R., Iqbal, N., & Akbar, S. 2024, J. High Energy Astrophys., 44, 393 [Google Scholar]
  98. Tarnopolski, M., Żywucka, N., Marchenko, V., & Pascual-Granado, J. 2020, ApJS, 250, 1 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  99. Tramacere, A., Giommi, P., Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., & Tosti, G. 2009, A&A, 501, 879 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  100. Urry, C. M., & Padovani, P. 1995, PASP, 107, 803 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  101. Uttley, P., & McHardy, I. M. 2001, MNRAS, 323, L26 [Google Scholar]
  102. Uttley, P., McHardy, I. M., & Vaughan, S. 2005, MNRAS, 359, 345 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  103. Valtonen, M. J., Lehto, H. J., Nilsson, K., et al. 2008, Nature, 452, 851 [Google Scholar]
  104. Valtonen, M. J., Lehto, H. J., Takalo, L. O., & Sillanpää, A. 2011, ApJ, 729, 33 [Google Scholar]
  105. VanderPlas, J. T. 2018, ApJS, 236, 16 [Google Scholar]
  106. Vaughan, S. 2005, A&A, 431, 391 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  107. Vaughan, S., & Uttley, P. 2005, MNRAS, 362, 235 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  108. Vaughan, S., Edelson, R., Warwick, R. S., & Uttley, P. 2003, MNRAS, 345, 1271 [Google Scholar]
  109. Yu-Hai, Y., & Jiang-He, Y. 2005, Chin. Phys., 14, 1683 [Google Scholar]
  110. Zechmeister, M., & Kürster, M. 2009, A&A, 496, 577 [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  111. Zeng, W., Hu, W., Zhang, G.-M., et al. 2019, PASP, 131, 074102 [Google Scholar]
  112. Zhang, Y. H., Celotti, A., Treves, A., et al. 1999, ApJ, 527, 719 [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.