Open Access
Issue
A&A
Volume 707, March 2026
Article Number A249
Number of page(s) 23
Section Stellar atmospheres
DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202558001
Published online 23 March 2026
  1. Becker, S. R., & Butler, K. 1988, A&A, 201, 232 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bengio, Y., Courville, A., & Vincent, P. 2013, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 35, 1798 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  3. Blum, C., & Roli, A. 2003, ACM Comput. Surv., 35, 268 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  4. Brands, S. A., de Koter, A., Bestenlehner, J. M., et al. 2022, A&A, 663, A36 [Google Scholar]
  5. Cantiello, M., Langer, N., Brott, I., et al. 2009, A&A, 499, 279 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  6. Carneiro, L. P., Puls, J., Sundqvist, J. O., & Hoffmann, T. L. 2016, A&A, 590, A88 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  7. Carneiro, L. P., Puls, J., & Hoffmann, T. L. 2018, A&A, 615, A4 [Google Scholar]
  8. Carneiro, L. P., Puls, J., Hoffmann, T. L., Holgado, G., & Simón-Díaz, S. 2019, A&A, 623, A3 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  9. Connolly, A. J., Szalay, A. S., Bershady, M. A., Kinney, A. L., & Calzetti, D. 1995, AJ, 110, 1071 [Google Scholar]
  10. Crowther, P. A. 2007, ARA&A, 45, 177 [Google Scholar]
  11. Cunningham, J. P., & Ghahramani, Z. 2015, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 16, 2859 [Google Scholar]
  12. de Burgos, A., Simón-Díaz, S., Urbaneja, M. A., & Puls, J. 2024, A&A, 687, A228 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  13. Evans, C. J., Lennon, D. J., Smartt, S. J., & Trundle, C. 2006, A&A, 456, 623 [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ford, E. B. 2005, AJ, 129, 1706 [Google Scholar]
  15. Gneiting, T., & Raftery, A. E. 2007, J. Roy. Statist. Soc.: Ser. B (Statist. Methodol.), 69, 243 [Google Scholar]
  16. Gray, D. F. 2005, The Observation and Analysis of Stellar Photospheres, 3rd edn. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) [Google Scholar]
  17. Gregory, P. C. 2005, Bayesian Logical Data Analysis for the Physical Sciences: A Comparative Approach with Mathematica Support (Cambridge University Press) [Google Scholar]
  18. Grover, A., Zweig, G., & Ermon, S. 2018, in Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Machine Learning, 80, PMLR, 1837 [Google Scholar]
  19. Hamann, W. R., & Koesterke, L. 1998, A&A, 335, 1003 [Google Scholar]
  20. Hamann, W. R., & Gräfener, G. 2004, A&A, 427, 697 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hastings, W. K. 1970, Biometrika, 57, 97 [Google Scholar]
  22. Hawcroft, C., Sana, H., Mahy, L., et al. 2021, A&A, 655, A67 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  23. Heitmann, K., Higdon, D., White, M., et al. 2009, ApJ, 705, 156 [Google Scholar]
  24. Hillier, D. J. 1991, A&A, 247, 455 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  25. Hillier, D. J. 2011, Ap & SS, 336, 87 [Google Scholar]
  26. Hillier, D. J., & Miller, D. L. 1998, ApJ, 496, 407 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  27. Hinton, G. E., & Salakhutdinov, R. R. 2006, Science, 313, 504 [Google Scholar]
  28. Holgado, G., Simón-Díaz, S., Barbá, R. H., et al. 2018, A&A, 613, A65 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  29. Holgado, G., Simón-Díaz, S., & Herrero, A. 2025, A&A, 703, A 175 [Google Scholar]
  30. Inno, L., Urbaneja, M. A., Matsunaga, N., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 482, 83 [Google Scholar]
  31. Jokuthy, A. 2002, PhD thesis, Diploma thesis, University Munich [Google Scholar]
  32. Joseph, V. R., Gul, E., & Ba, S. 2015, Biometrika, 102, 371 [CrossRef] [MathSciNet] [Google Scholar]
  33. Kilian, J. 1992, A&A, 262, 171 [Google Scholar]
  34. Kilian-Montenbruck, J., Gehren, T., & Nissen, P. E. 1994, A&A, 291, 757 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  35. Korn, A. J., Becker, S. R., Gummersbach, C. A., & Wolf, B. 2000, A&A, 353, 655 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  36. Kudritzki, R.-P., & Puls, J. 2000, ARA&A, 38, 613 [Google Scholar]
  37. Kudritzki, R.-P., Urbaneja, M. A., & Rix, H.-W. 2020, ApJ, 890, 28 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  38. Langer, N. 2012, ARA&A, 50, 107 [Google Scholar]
  39. Loève, M. 1978, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, 45, Probability Theory I, 4th edn. (Springer) [Google Scholar]
  40. Maeder, A., & Meynet, G. 2000, ARA&A, 38, 143 [Google Scholar]
  41. Martínez-Sebastián, C., Simón-Díaz, S., Jin, H., et al. 2025, A&A, 693, L10 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  42. McErlean, N. D., Lennon, D. J., & Dufton, P. L. 1998, A&A, 329, 613 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  43. McKay, M. D., Beckman, R. J., & Conover, W. J. 1979, Technometrics, 21, 239 [Google Scholar]
  44. Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A. W., Rosenbluth, M. N., Teller, A. H., & Teller, E. 1953, J. Chem. Phys., 21, 1087 [Google Scholar]
  45. Modrák, M., Talts, S., Bürkner, P.-C., Gabry, J., & Vehtari, A. 2022, arXiv e-prints [arXiv:2211.02383] [Google Scholar]
  46. Mokiem, M. R., de Koter, A., Puls, J., et al. 2005, A&A, 441, 711 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  47. Nieva, M. F., & Przybilla, N. 2008, A&A, 481, 199 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  48. Nieva, M. F., & Przybilla, N. 2012, A&A, 539, A 143 [Google Scholar]
  49. Oskinova, L. M., Hamann, W. R., & Feldmeier, A. 2007, A&A, 476, 1331 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  50. Pauldrach, A. W. A., Hoffmann, T. L., & Lennon, M. 2001, A&A, 375, 161 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  51. Pauldrach, A. W. A., Lennon, M., Hoffmann, T. L., et al. 1998, in Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, 131, Properties of Hot Luminous Stars, ed. I. Howarth, 258 [Google Scholar]
  52. Posselt, D. J., & Bishop, C. H. 2012, Monthly Weather Rev., 140, 1957 [Google Scholar]
  53. Przybilla, N. 2010, in EAS Publications Series, 43, eds. R. Monier, B. Smalley, G. Wahlgren, & P. Stee, 115 [Google Scholar]
  54. Przybilla, N., & Butler, K. 2001, A&A, 379, 955 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  55. Przybilla, N., Butler, K., Becker, S. R., Kudritzki, R. P., & Venn, K. A. 2000, A&A, 359, 1085 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  56. Przybilla, N., Nieva, M.-F., & Butler, K. 2008, ApJ, 688, L103 [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  57. Puls, J., Kudritzki, R. P., Herrero, A., et al. 1996, A&A, 305, 171 [Google Scholar]
  58. Puls, J., Urbaneja, M. A., Venero, R., et al. 2005, A&A, 435, 669 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  59. Puls, J., Markova, N., Scuderi, S., et al. 2006, A&A, 454, 625 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  60. Puls, J., Vink, J. S., & Najarro, F. 2008, A&A Rev., 16, 209 [Google Scholar]
  61. Puls, J., Najarro, F., Sundqvist, J. O., & Sen, K. 2020, A&A, 642, A172 [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  62. Rasmussen, C. E., & Williams, C. K. I. 2006, Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning, Adaptive Computation and Machine Learning (MIT Press) [Google Scholar]
  63. Rivero González, J. G., Puls, J., & Najarro, F. 2011, A&A, 536, A58 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  64. Rivero González, J. G., Puls, J., Massey, P., & Najarro, F. 2012, A&A, 543, A95 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  65. Robert, C. P., & Casella, G. 2004, Monte Carlo Statistical Methods, 2nd edn. (New York: Springer) [Google Scholar]
  66. Rogers, K. K., Peiris, H. V., Pontzen, A., et al. 2019, J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys., 2019, 031 [Google Scholar]
  67. Royer, P., Merle, T., Dsilva, K., et al. 2024, A&A, 681, A107 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  68. Santolaya-Rey, A. E., Puls, J., & Herrero, A. 1997, A&A, 323, 488 [NASA ADS] [Google Scholar]
  69. Saxe, A. M., Bansal, Y., Dapello, J., et al. 2019, J. Statist. Mech. Theory Exp., 2019, 124020 [Google Scholar]
  70. Schaer, C., Kühne, R., & Rinke, P. 2018. in Evolutionarv Computation in Combinatorial Optimization (Cham: Springer), 15 [Google Scholar]
  71. Simón-Díaz, S. 2010, A&A, 510, A22 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  72. Simón-Díaz, S., Castro, N., Garcia, M., Herrero, A., & Markova, N. 2011, Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, 80, 514 [Google Scholar]
  73. Simón-Díaz, S., Herrero, A., Esteban, C., & Najarro, F. 2006, A&A, 448, 351 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  74. Simón-Díaz, S., Negueruela, I., Apellániz, J. M., et al. 2015, arXiv e-prints [arXiv:1504.04257] [Google Scholar]
  75. Stein, M. 1987, Technometrics, 29, 143 [CrossRef] [MathSciNet] [Google Scholar]
  76. Struve, O. 1929, ApJ, 69, 173 [Google Scholar]
  77. Struve, O., & Elvey, C. T. 1934, ApJ, 79, 409 [Google Scholar]
  78. Sundqvist, J. O., Puls, J., & Feldmeier, A. 2010, A&A, 510, A11 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  79. Talbi, E.-G. 2009, Metaheuristics: From Design to Implementation (Wiley) [Google Scholar]
  80. Trundle, C., Lennon, D. J., Puls, J., & Dufton, P. L. 2004, A&A, 417, 217 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [EDP Sciences] [Google Scholar]
  81. Urbaneja, M. A. 2004, PhD thesis, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Spain [Google Scholar]
  82. Urbaneja, M. A., Herrero, A., Bresolin, F., et al. 2003, ApJ, 584, L73 [Google Scholar]
  83. Urbaneja, M. A., Herrero, A., Kudritzki, R. P., et al. 2005, ApJ, 635, 311 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  84. Urbaneja, M. A., Herrero, A., Lennon, D. J., Corral, L. J., & Meynet, G. 2011, ApJ, 735, 39 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  85. Urbaneja, M. A., Kudritzki, R. P., Gieren, W., et al. 2017, AJ, 154, 102 [NASA ADS] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar]
  86. Watson-Parris, D., Rao, Y., Olivié, D., et al. 2022, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 14, e2021MS002954 [Google Scholar]

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.