Optical and near-infrared polarization of the black hole X-ray binary A0620−00 in quiescence

¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, FI-20014 University of Turku, Finland
² Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
³ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁴ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁵ Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, United Kingdom
⁶ Serco for the European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Astronomy Centre, Camino Bajo del Castillo s/n, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
⁷ Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
⁸ Istituto Ricerche Solari Aldo e Cele Daccó (IRSOL), Faculty of Informatics, Universitá della Svizzera italiana, 6605 Locarno, Switzerland
⁹ Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS), Georges-Köhler-Allee 401a, 79110 Freiburg, Germany

^⋆ Corresponding author: vakrau@utu.f

Received: 10 July 2024
Accepted: 25 August 2025

Abstract

We present simultaneous high-precision optical polarimetric and near-infrared (NIR) to ultraviolet (UV) photometric observations of the low-mass black hole X-ray binary A0620−00 in a quiescent state. Subtracting interstellar polarization, estimated from a sample of field stars, we derived the intrinsic polarization of A0620−00. We show that the intrinsic polarization degree (PD) varies with the orbital period with an amplitude of ∼0.3%, at least in the R band, where the signal-to-noise ratio of our observations is the best. This implies that some fraction of the optical polarization is produced by a scattering of stellar radiation off the matter that follows the black hole in its orbital motion. In addition, we see a rotation of the orbit-average intrinsic polarization angle (PA) with the wavelength from 163° in the R to 177° in the B band. All of the above, combined with the historical NIR-to-optical polarimetric observations, demonstrates the complex behavior of the average intrinsic polarization of A0620−00: the PA continuously rotates from the infrared to the blue band by ∼53° in total, while the PD of ∼1% remains nearly constant over the entire spectral range. The spectral dependence of the PA can be described by Faraday rotation with a rotation measure of −0.2 rad μm⁻², implying a magnetic field of a few gauss in the plasma surrounding the black hole accretion disk. However, our preferred interpretation of the peculiar wavelength dependence is an interplay between two polarized components with different PAs. Polarimetric measurements in the UV range can help in distinguishing between these scenarios.