The DESI DR1 peculiar velocity survey: Growth rate measurements from the galaxy power spectrum

¹ Aix-Marseille University, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille 13288, France
² Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218 Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
³ School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
⁴ Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776, Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
⁵ University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
⁶ Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
⁷ Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
⁸ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
⁹ Department of Physics, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
¹⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, I-20133 Milano, Italy
¹¹ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
¹² Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
¹³ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, 206 Bausch and Lomb Hall, P.O. Box 270171 Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USA
¹⁴ Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. de México C. P. 04510, Mexico
¹⁵ University of California, Berkeley, 110 Sproul Hall #5800 Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
¹⁶ Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Edifici Cn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
¹⁷ Departamento de Física, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 No. 18A-10, Edificio Ip, CP 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
¹⁸ Observatorio Astronómico, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 No. 18A-10, Edificio H, CP 111711 Bogotá, Colombia
¹⁹ Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), c/ Esteve Terradas 1, Edifici RDIT, Campus PMT-UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Spain
²⁰ Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Dennis Sciama Building, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
²¹ Institute of Space Sciences, ICE-CSIC, Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n, 08913 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
²² University of Virginia, Department of Astronomy, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
²³ Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500 Batavia, IL 60510, USA
²⁴ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris. 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
²⁵ IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
²⁶ Center for Cosmology and AstroParticle Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
²⁷ Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
²⁸ The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, OH, USA
²⁹ Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
³⁰ University of Michigan, 500 S. State Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
³¹ Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX 75080, USA
³² NSF NOIRLab, 950 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
³³ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine 92697, USA
³⁴ Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), FR-75005 Paris, France
³⁵ Departament de Física, Serra Húnter, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
³⁶ Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig de Lluís Companys, 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
³⁷ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Siena University, 515 Loudon Road, Loudonville, NY 12211, USA
³⁸ Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito de la Investigación Científica, Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. de México C. P. 04510, Mexico
³⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
⁴⁰ Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline St. North, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
⁴¹ Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
⁴² Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
⁴³ Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía, s/n, E-18008 Granada, Spain
⁴⁴ Departament de Física, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, c/Eduard Maristany 10, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
⁴⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
⁴⁶ CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense 40, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
⁴⁷ Department of Physics & Astronomy, Ohio University, 139 University Terrace, Athens, OH 45701, USA
⁴⁸ National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R. China

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Received: 2 December 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2026

Abstract

The large-scale structure of the Universe and its evolution encapsulate a wealth of cosmological information. A powerful means of unlocking this knowledge lies in measuring the auto-power spectrum and/or the cross-power spectrum of the galaxy density and momentum fields, followed by the estimation of cosmological parameters based on these spectrum measurements. In this study, we generalize the cross-power spectrum model to accommodate scenarios in which the density and momentum fields are derived from distinct galaxy surveys. The growth rate of the large-scale structures of the Universe, commonly represented as fσ₈, was extracted by jointly fitting the monopole and quadrupole moments of the auto-density power spectrum, the monopole of the auto-momentum power spectrum, and the dipole of the cross-power spectrum. Our estimators, theoretical models, and parameter-fitting framework were tested using mocks, confirming their robustness and accuracy in retrieving the fiducial growth rate from simulation. These techniques were then applied to analyse the power spectrum of the DESI Bright Galaxy Survey and Peculiar Velocity Survey. The fit result of the growth rate is fσ₈ = 0.440^+0.080_−0.096 at effective redshift z_eff = 0.07. By synthesizing the fitting outcomes from correlation functions, maximum likelihood estimation, and the power spectrum, a consensus value is yielded of fσ₈(z_eff = 0.07) = 0.450^+0.055_−0.055, and correspondingly we obtain γ = 0.580^+0.110_−0.110, Ω_m = 0.301^+0.011_−0.011, and σ₈ = 0.834^+0.032_−0.032. The measured fσ₈ and γ are consistent with the prediction of the Λ cold dark matter model and general relativity.