Open Access

Table 1.

Summary of IR observations.

No. Date Telescope MJD (phase) (a) CO mass CO T CO FWHM J, H, K(b) Td(g) Md(h)
(yyyymmdd) (10−4M) (K) (km s−1) (mag) (K) (10−5M)
SN 2023ixf
1 20230528 Keck 60092 (9) ... ... ... 11.68, 11.60, 11.49 ... ...
2 20230605 Gemini 60100 (17) ... ... ... 10.63, 10.52, 10.33 ... ...
3 20230607 Keck 60102 (19) ... ... ... 11.04, 10.78, 10.50 ... ...
4 20230625 Gemini 60120 (37) ... ... ... 11.07, 10.92, 10.66 ... ...
5 20230627 IRTF 60122 (39) ... ... ... 10.94, 10.84, 10.58 ... ...
6 20230705 Keck 60130 (47) ... ... ... 11.40, 11.35, 11.12 ... ...
7 20230725 Gemini 60150 (67) ... ... ... 11.25, 11.09, 10.82 ... ...
8 20230729 Keck 60154 (71) ... ... ... 11.71, 11.73, 11.53 ... ...

Model A (c)
9 20231204 MMT 60282 (199) (2.3) (d) (2470) (d) (3370) (d) 14.31, 14.46, 13.59 ... ...
10 20240123 Gemini 60332 (249) 2.66 ± 0.28 (1.8–4.6) (e) 1775 ± 47 (e) 3492 ± 231 15.31, 14.97, 13.86
11 20230131 MMT 60340 (257) (3.1) (f) (1970) (f) (4050) (f) 14.77, 15.16, 13.49 ... ...
12 20240202 Keck 60342 (259) 1.38 ± 0.24 (0.9–2.3) (e) 1741 ± 76 (e) 3587 ± 292 16.03, 15.74, 14.69 ... ...
13 20240218 Keck 60358 (275) 0.74 ± 0.10 (0.5–1.1) (e) 1996 ± 77 (e) 3162 ± 263 16.12, 15.76, 14.73 ... ...
14 20240220 Gemini 60360 (277) 1.78 ± 0.24 (0.9–2.5) (e) 1669 ± 53 (e) 3248 ± 264 16.01, 15.53, 14.58 ... ...
15 20240221 IRTF 60361 (278) 0.93 ± 0.16 (0.7–1.3) (e) 2098 ± 102 (e) 3016 ± 412 15.76, 15.25, 14.21 ... ...
16 20240322 IRTF 60390 (307) 0.39 ± 0.06 (0.3–0.6) (e) 2143 ± 96 (e) 3581 ± 436 16.44, 15.93, 14.99 ... ...

Model B (c)
9 20231204 MMT 60282 (199) (2.3) (d) (2480) (d) (3370) (d) 14.31, 14.46, 13.59 (1044) (f) (2.25) (f)
10 20240123 Gemini 60332 (249) 2.01 ± 0.19 (1.4–3.1) (e) 1922 ± 47 (e) 3319 ± 221 15.31, 14.97, 13.86 915 (g) 2.25 (h)
11 20230131 MMT 60340 (257) (2.9) (f) (2020) (f) (4020) (f) 14.77, 15.16, 13.49 (1014) (f) (1.62) (f)
12 20240202 Keck 60342 (259) 1.24 ± 0.21 (0.8–2.0) (e) 1798 ± 76 (e) 3533 ± 287 16.03, 15.74, 14.69 968 (g) 0.74 (h)
13 20240218 Keck 60358 (275) 0.67 ± 0.09 (0.5–1.0) (e) 2065 ± 78 (e) 3152 ± 258 16.12, 15.76, 14.73 955 (g) 0.80 (h)
14 20240220 Gemini 60360 (277) 1.30 ± 0.15 (0.9–2.1) (e) 1820 ± 52 (e) 3092 ± 246 16.01, 15.53, 14.58 931 (g) 1.41 (h)
15 20240221 IRTF 60361 (278) 0.75 ± 0.12 (0.6–1.0) (e) 2247 ± 104 (e) 3010 ± 391 15.76, 15.25, 14.21 1036 (g) 0.77 (h)
16 20240322 IRTF 60390 (307) 0.31 ± 0.04 (0.2–0.4) (e) 2305 ± 97 (e) 3520 ± 423 16.44, 15.93, 14.99 1026 (g) 0.40 (h)

SN 2017eaw(i)
20170915 Gemini 58011 (124) 1.58 0.07 + 0.13 $ ^{+0.13}_{-0.07} $ (0.6–1.6) 2750 220 + 200 $ ^{+200}_{-220} $ (3000 ± 200) (j) 2360 270 + 210 $ ^{+210}_{-270} $ (2800 ± 200) (j) ... ... ...
20171001 Gemini 58027 (140) 1.61 0.02 + 0.19 $ ^{+0.19}_{-0.02} $ (1.0–1.9) 3060 450 + 280 $ ^{+280}_{-450} $ (3300 ± 200) 2724 515 + 265 $ ^{+265}_{-515} $ (2850 ± 200) ... ... ...
20171030 Gemini 58056 (169) 1.95 0.04 + 0.09 $ ^{+0.09}_{-0.04} $ (1.6–2.2) 2915 170 + 140 $ ^{+140}_{-170} $ (3000 ± 200) 2750 185 + 135 $ ^{+135}_{-185} $ (2850 ± 200) ... ... ...
20171205 Gemini 58092 (205) 2.21 0.11 + 0.16 $ ^{+0.16}_{-0.11} $ (1.9–2.2) 2584 130 + 110 $ ^{+110}_{-130} $ (2700 ± 200) 2735 145 + 115 $ ^{+115}_{-145} $ (2750 ± 200) ... ... ...

Notes.

(a)

t0 = 60083 MJD is taken to be the explosion date of SN 2023ixf.

(b)

J, H,  K band magnitudes were measured using the NIR spectra.

(c)

CO models were fit adopting a flat continuum (the elevated “pseudo-continuum”) at 2.0–2.3 μm for Model A and a modified black body continuum with carbon dust for Model B.

(d)

This spectrum did not cover enough of the CO band emission to allow errors to be estimated.

(e)

The errors provided are statistical. In addition to the standard statistical errors provided in the CO mass and temperature columns, the 10–20% uncertainty in the flux value and the telluric correction may result in uncertainties of 100–200 K in temperatures in the fitting process. The CO mass ranges (in parentheses) are estimated, accounting for the error in TCO of 200 K.

(f)

This spectrum was obtained using the K3000 filter (which does not cover the full CO feature) and may be subject to systematic errors due to the novel setup. Additionally, errors in the dust mass could not be estimated.

(g)(h)

Statistical errors of the dust temperatures and mass are ∼35 K and ∼0.15 × 10−5 M, respectively. The systematic errors in the temperatures are ∼100 K which results in the uncertainties of the dust mass ∼0.8 × 10−5 M (a factor of ∼3 and ∼5 higher, respectively), due to uncertainties in defining the continuum.

(i)

The uncertainties in the model fitting include statistical and systematic errors resulting from different choices of the continuum levels.

(j)

The values in parentheses are from Rho et al. (2018a) for comparison.

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.